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Additionally, CDMOs may not have access to primary study data, or data are generally lacking for a specific substance. While pharmaceuticals require the establishment of health\u2010based exposure limits (HBELs) (e.g., occupational exposure limits [OELs] and permitted daily exposure [PDE] limits), the limits for nonhazardous substances could be set in a protective and pragmatic way by using default values, when internally required. Because there is no aligned definition provided by authorities, nor agreed default values for nonhazardous substances, we provide a decision tree in order to help qualified experts (such as qualified toxicologists) to identify the group of nonhazardous substances and to assign default HBEL values for specific routes of exposure. The nonhazardous substances discussed within this publication are part of the following subgroups: (I) inactive pharmaceutical ingredients, (II) pharmaceutical excipients or cosmetic ingredients, (III) substances Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), and (IV) food ingredients, additives, and contact materials. The proposed default limit values are 1\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for the OEL and 50\u2009mg\/day for the PDE oral and intravenous (IV) route.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T05:15:00Z","timestamp":1647926100000},"page":"1443-1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying nonhazardous substances in pharmaceutical manufacturing and setting default health\u2010based exposure limits (HBELs)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8064-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lonza  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-3393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selene","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lonza  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Lovsin Barle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals  Glattpark Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"TLVs and BEIs. 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