{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:50:37Z","timestamp":1760575837894,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin sensitization is an extremely important risk factor for occupational health and safety, and it would be desirable to set health\u2010based exposure limits (HBELs) for the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) based on the skin sensitizing potencies of chemical. We attempted to set acceptable surface limits (ASLs) as HBELs for skin sensitizers in the workplace based on the local lymph node assay (LLNA): BrdU\u2010ELISA EC1.6 values. To calculate the ASLs, a safety assessment factor (SAF)<jats:sub>interspecies<\/jats:sub> value of 6, based on the EC1.6 values\/human repeat insult patch test (HRIPT) NOEL ratios, a SAF<jats:sub>interindividual<\/jats:sub> value of 10, and a SAF<jats:sub>frequency\/duration<\/jats:sub> value of 3 were applied, referring to previous literatures on SAFs for skin sensitization QRA, and the composite SAF was calculated as 180. The ASLs (mg\/100\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) derived thus for 33 chemicals ranged from 0.001 to 10.417. Comparison of the ranges with known human sensitization potency classes and GHS subcategories revealed that use of GHS Category 1A chemicals needs to be controlled to ensure surface residue levels of less than 1\u00a0mg\/100\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. To minimize sensitization risks, a quantitative sensitization risk assessment method for chemicals and appropriate risk management are necessary. This report provides a potentially useful ASL\u2010based method of managing sensitization risk derived from LLNA: BrdU\u2010ELISA EC1.6 values, comparison of the ASLs and known human sensitization potency data showed that GHS subcategorization results would be a primary information notifying ASL ranges to be required for minimizing the sensitization risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T21:19:38Z","timestamp":1652822378000},"page":"1723-1730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Acceptable surface limits (ASLs) of skin sensitizers derived from the local lymph node assay (LLNA): BrdU\u2010ELISA EC1.6 values and their relationships to known sensitization potency information"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8913-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asako","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemicals Assessment and Research Center Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemicals Assessment and Research Center Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8941-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takeyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemicals Assessment and Research Center Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2007.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2015.1060327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2012).Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]\u2010response for human health (version: 2.1)https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/documents\/10162\/17224\/information_requirements_r8_en.pdf\/e153243a-03f0-44c5-8808-88af66223258?t=1353935239897(accessed on March 31 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"ICCVAM. (2009)Recommended Performance Standards: Murine Local Lymph Node Assay. NIH publication Number 09\u20137357. Research Triangle Park NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/iccvam\/docs\/immunotox_docs\/llna-ps\/llnaperfstds.pdf(accessed on March 31 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"ICCVAM. (2010)ICCVAM Test method evaluation report on the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdU\u2010ELISA. A nonradioactive alternative test method to assess the allergic contact dermatitis potential of chemicals and products. NIH publication Number 10\u20137552. Research Triangle Park NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/iccvam\/docs\/immunotox_docs\/llna-elisa\/tmer.pdf(accessed on March 31 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"IDEA Project. (2016)Final report on the QRA2. Skin sensitisation quantitative risk assessment for fragrance ingredients.https:\/\/cdn2.assets-servd.host\/selective-koala\/production\/documents\/QRA2-report.pdf(accessed on March 31 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(03)00223-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233719875365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). (2018).Opinion on skin sensitisation quantitative risk assessment for fragrance ingredients (QRA2) SCCS\/1589\/17.https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2875\/989719(accessed on March 31 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2004).IPCS Risk assessment terminology. Part 1: IPCS\/OECD key generic terms used in chemical hazard\/risk assessment. Part 2: IPCS glossary of key exposure assessment terminology. Part 2: IPCS glossary of key exposure assessment terminology.https:\/\/inchem.org\/documents\/harmproj\/harmproj\/harmproj1.pdf(accessed on March 31 2022)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.4339","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jat.4339","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.4339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T14:50:01Z","timestamp":1760539801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.4339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.4339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.4339","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0260-437X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1263"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}