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CS also inhibits the CFTR Cl<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup> channel, leading to airway surface liquid dehydration, which is predicated to impair clearance of inhaled pathogens and toxicants. Numerous in vitro studies have been performed that utilize acute (\u226424\u2009h) CS exposures. However, CS exposure is typically chronic. We evaluated the feasibility of using British\u2010American Tobacco (BAT)\u2010designed CS exposure chambers for chronically exposing human bronchial epithelial cultures (HBECs) to CS. HBECs are polarized and contain mucosal and serosal sides. In vivo, inhaled CS interacts with mucosal membranes, and BAT chambers are designed to direct CS to HBEC mucosal surfaces while keeping CS away from serosal surfaces via a perfusion system. We found that serosal perfusion was absolutely required to maintain HBEC viability over time following chronic CS exposure. Indeed, with this system, we found that CS increased inflammation and mucin levels, while decreasing CFTR function. Without this serosal perfusion, CS was extremely toxic within 24\u2009h. We therefore propose that 5\u2010 and 10\u2010day CS exposures with serosal perfusion are suitable for measuring chronic CS exposure and can be used for monitoring new and emerging tobacco products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T04:59:42Z","timestamp":1672721982000},"page":"862-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of chronic cigarette smoke exposure in human bronchial epithelial cultures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Tyrrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marsico Lung Institute University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunava","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D.","family":"Manzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marsico Lung Institute University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott H.","family":"Randell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marsico Lung Institute University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8598-2642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Tarran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201511-2210OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2230OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1361-2611(98)80084-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S235054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200508-1330OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.691227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00018908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00390.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/32.3.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-192377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00036.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874226200902010086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.334375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-861-7:183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1946-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00193810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0505OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-3073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Bronchial mucosal permeability and its relationship to airways hyperreactivity","volume":"122","author":"Hogg J. 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