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Phthalate plasticizers can disrupt endocrine function in vertebrates. Therefore, this study analyzed thyroid\u2010related, reproduction\u2010related, and estrogen\u2010responsive genes in Japanese medaka (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Oryzias latipes<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) to determine whether non\u2010phthalate diisobutyl adipate <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>DIBA) plasticizer could affect endocrine hormone activity or not. Developmental toxicity during fish embryogenesis was also evaluated. At a concentration of 11.57\u2009mg\/l, embryonic exposure to DIBA increased the mortality rate. Although abnormal development, including body curvature, edema, and lack of swim bladder inflation, was observed at 3.54 and 11.57\u2009mg\/l DIBA, growth inhibition and reduced swimming performance were also observed. In addition, DIBA exposure increased the levels of thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone beta\u2010subunit (<jats:italic>tsh\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) and deiodinase 1 (<jats:italic>dio1<\/jats:italic>) but decreased the levels of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (<jats:italic>tr\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and beta (<jats:italic>tr\u03b2<\/jats:italic>). These results suggest that DIBA has thyroid hormone\u2010disrupting activities in fish. However, kisspeptin (<jats:italic>kiss1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>kiss2<\/jats:italic>), gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (<jats:italic>gnrh1<\/jats:italic>), follicle\u2010stimulating hormone beta (<jats:italic>fsh\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), luteinizing hormone beta (<jats:italic>lh\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), choriogenin H (<jats:italic>chgH<\/jats:italic>), and vitellogenin (<jats:italic>vtg1<\/jats:italic>) expression did not change dose\u2010dependently in response to DIBA exposure, whereas <jats:italic>gnrh2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vtg2<\/jats:italic> expression was elevated. These results indicate that DIBA has low estrogenic activity and does not disrupt the endocrine reproduction system in fish. Overall, this is the first report indicating that non\u2010phthalate DIBA plasticizer is embryotoxic and disrupt thyroid hormone activity in fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:18:55Z","timestamp":1673914735000},"page":"982-992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of plasticizer diisobutyl adipate on the Japanese medaka (<scp><i>Oryzias latipes<\/i><\/scp>) endocrine system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4558-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Horie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS) Kobe University  Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada\u2010ku Kobe 658\u20100022 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babu Rajendran","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS) Kobe University  Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada\u2010ku Kobe 658\u20100022 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences Bharathidasan University  Tiruchirappalli 620024 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecotoxicolog\u00eda Instituto de Medicina y Biolog\u00eda Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CCT\u2010CONICET)  5500 Mendoza Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee Kong","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia  43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS) Kobe University  Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada\u2010ku Kobe 658\u20100022 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2011.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.596585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.09.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Fox J. &Bouchet\u2010Valat M.(2018).Rcmdr: R Commander. 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