{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:56:52Z","timestamp":1760576212110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Citrinin, a mycotoxin produced by <jats:italic>Penicillium citrinum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>enicillium <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">verrucosum<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, mainly contaminates cereals. The aim of study was to investigate the novel immunoreactive effect of citrinin using a mouse model of psoriasis. A mouse model of psoriasis was generated by topical application of 5% imiquimod in female BALB\/c mice. Standard rodent diet and rice samples with 3\u00a0ppm of citrinin were mixed to obtain a final citrinin concentration of 0.3\u00a0ppm, and a citrinin\u2010contaminated diet was fed to mice daily. Skin thickness, scratching behavior, and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) were monitored continuously during the imiquimod application. Immediately after the final imiquimod application, ear skin and auricular lymph node (LN) were sampled for further analysis. Only a slight increase was observed in skin thickness in the citrinin exposure group; however, citrinin exposure significantly exacerbated hyperkeratinization and inflammatory cell infiltration in histological evaluation. TEWL, which is representative of cutaneous barrier function, was significantly increased by citrinin exposure. In terms of immune function, the number of immune cells in LN (T cells and dendritic cells) and gene expression of interleukin (IL)\u201017 in skin tissue were significantly increased by citrinin exposure. Direct interaction of dendritic cells (DCs) in citrinin\u2010induced psoriasis development was further examined by proinflammatory cytokine determination in THP\u20101 cells and murine bone marrow derived DCs. IL\u20106 and\/or tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 were significantly increased by citrinin exposure. Taken together, our results imply that oral exposure to citrinin exacerbates the symptoms of a mouse model of psoriasis via direct activation of DCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T01:37:14Z","timestamp":1678671434000},"page":"1284-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Oral exposure to citrinin significantly exacerbates the pathophysiology of a mouse model of imiquimod\u2010induced psoriasis via direct activation of dendritic cell"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University  1\u201017\u201071 Fuchinobe, Chuo\u2010ku Sagamihara\u2010shi Kanagawa 252\u20105201 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