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A literature search revealed 17 articles describing experimental studies conducted on warm\u2010blooded animals. Despite some uncertainties, in vivo studies have demonstrated that selenium NPs have an adverse effect on laboratory animals, as evidenced by several indicators of general toxic action. These effects include reductions of body mass, changes in hepatotoxicity indices (increased enzyme activity and accumulation of selenium in the liver), and the possibility of impairment of fatty acid, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolisms. However, no specific toxic action attributable solely to selenium has been identified. The LOAEL and NOAEL values are contradictory. The NOAEL was 0.22\u2009mg\/kg body weight per day for males and 0.33\u2009mg\/kg body weight per day for females, while the LOAEL was assumed to be a dose of 0.05\u2009mg\/kg of nanoselenium. This LOAEL value is much higher for rats than for humans. The relationship between the adverse effects of selenium NPs and exposure dose is controversial and presents a wide typological diversity. Further research is needed to clarify the absorption, metabolism, and long\u2010term toxicity of selenium NPs, which is critical to improving the risk assessment of these compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T01:20:28Z","timestamp":1686705628000},"page":"4-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Toxicological effects of selenium nanoparticles in laboratory animals: A review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2677-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliya V.","family":"Ryabova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers  Yekaterinburg Russian Federation"},{"name":"Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Laboratory of Multi\u2010Scale Mathematical Modeling Ural Federal University  Yekaterinburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina P.","family":"Sutunkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers  Yekaterinburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilzira A.","family":"Minigalieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers  Yekaterinburg Russian Federation"},{"name":"Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Laboratory of Multi\u2010Scale Mathematical Modeling Ural Federal University  Yekaterinburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lada V.","family":"Shabardina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers  Yekaterinburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Filippini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREAGEN Research Center for Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of California Berkeley  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristides","family":"Tsatsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Crete  Heraklion Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13237-019-00303-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Bochkova M. 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