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This study investigates the anticancer effect of CV ethanolic root extract in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with CV extract, and its cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. AO\/EB staining, propidium iodide staining, DCFH\u2010DA assay, phalloidine staining, flow cytometry, and qPCR studies were performed for ROS expression, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin and galangin in CV root extract. The results showed that CV inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, with altered cellular and nuclear morphology. CV was also found to increase intracellular ROS levels and oxidative stress markers in HepG2 cells. CV significantly altered the actin microfilament distribution in HepG2 cells and caused cell cycle arrest at the sub G<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\u2010G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> phase. CV also induced mitochondria\u2010mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by increased expression of p53, Bax, cytochrome C, Apaf\u20101, PARP, caspase\u20103 and caspase\u20109, and downregulated Bcl\u20102 expression. Therefore, CV exerts its anticancer effect by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cytoskeletal disorganization, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondria\u2010mediated apoptosis, and it could be a potent therapeutic option for HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T22:39:39Z","timestamp":1693780779000},"page":"245-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Coleus vettiveroides<\/i> ethanolic root extract induces cytotoxicity by intrinsic apoptosis in HepG2 cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Kadmad Abdul Hameed","family":"Mohamed Azar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences  Koppal India"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS)  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