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Here, we examined the effects of <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT on the development of the reproductive organs, the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation, and the plasma concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in Japanese quail embryos. <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT\u2010containing sesame oil was injected into the yolk sac on Embryonic Day (E) 3 at a dose of 500, 2,000, or 8,000\u2009\u03bcg per egg. On E15, the reproductive organs were observed; the gonads and M\u00fcllerian ducts (MDs) were sampled to measure the mRNA of steroidogenic enzymes, sex steroid receptors, anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone (<jats:italic>AMH<\/jats:italic>), and AMH receptor 2 (<jats:italic>AMHR2<\/jats:italic>); blood samples were collected to assay plasma testosterone and estradiol levels; and the gonads were used for histological analysis. <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT dose\u2010dependently increased the prevalence of hypertrophic MDs in females and residual MDs in males. In female MDs, <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT dose\u2010dependently decreased estrogen receptor (<jats:italic>ER<\/jats:italic>) \u03b1, <jats:italic>ER\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>AMHR2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression. <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT dose\u2010dependently induced left\u2010biased asymmetry of testis size, and ovary\u2010like tissue was found in the left testis after exposure to 8,000\u2009\u03bcg per egg <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT, although asymmetric gene expression did not occur. <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT did not affect ovarian tissue but did decrease <jats:italic>17\u03b1\u2010hydroxylase\/C17\u201020 lyase<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression and dose\u2010dependently increased <jats:italic>ER\u03b2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression. <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT decreased plasma testosterone concentrations in females. These findings suggest that <jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>p\u2032<\/jats:italic>\u2010DDT induces hypertrophy of the MDs and ovarian tissue formation in the left testis. Abnormal MD development may be linked to altered gene expression for sensing estrogens and AMH signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T00:24:18Z","timestamp":1702686258000},"page":"699-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>In ovo o<\/i>,<i>p<\/i>\u2032\u2010DDT exposure induces malformation of reproductive organs and alters the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation in Japanese quail embryo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2570-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tin\u2010Tin","family":"Win\u2010Shwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Environmental Risk Division National Institute for Environmental Studies  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akari","family":"Sakiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maho","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Environmental Risk Division National Institute for Environmental Studies  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaharu","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Environmental Risk Division National Institute for Environmental Studies  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Tsukahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-023-03763-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3851.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420390603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.905324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-2952(97)00097-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1366828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1734525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3677252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7256288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.181693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-002-0417-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Sex ratio of western gulls on Santa Barbara Island, California","volume":"97","author":"Hunt G. 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