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The frequently reported occupational DMF poisoning cases in some countries and the gradually recognized unavoidable health risks to the general population highlight that DMF should still be a matter of concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that the liver is the primary target organ of DMF exposure and multiple mechanisms have been revealed. However, most of these studies investigate the detrimental effects of acute and subacute DMF exposure, while the effects of chronic DMF exposure are rarely studied. Furthermore, the key mechanism for the acute hepatotoxicity of DMF remains to be elucidated. Future research may focus on the identification of efficient preventive measures against the toxicity of DMF to occupational workers, the investigation of the detrimental effects of DMF at environmentally relevant doses, and the studies on the elimination and recycling of DMF in industrial wastes. Herein, we present an updated review of the metabolism of DMF, the biomarker of DMF exposure, underlying molecular mechanisms of DMF\u2010induced hepatotoxicity, and the toxicity of DMF to both occupational workers and general populations and discuss the possible directions in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T03:43:50Z","timestamp":1707536630000},"page":"1637-1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The potential health risks of <i>N<\/i>,<i>N<\/i>\u2010dimethylformamide: An updated review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Shu\u2010Jun","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu\u2010Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical and Chemical Analysis Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00572112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198810000-00013"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Study of N\u2010methylcarbamoylated hemoglobin in blood of being an exposure biomarker of N, N\u2010dimethylformamide","volume":"32","author":"Chen W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"554","article-title":"Research progress on occupational exposure biomarker of N, N\u2010dimethylformamide","volume":"31","author":"Chen W. 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