{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:30:38Z","timestamp":1791509438196,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009055","name":"\u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FBA\u20102023\u20104483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FBA\u20102023\u20104483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plastics are ubiquitous in modern society due to their cost\u2010effectiveness, lightweight nature, and versatility. However, their extensive use and inadequate recycling have led to a significant environmental challenge, with plastic waste accumulating rapidly and causing ecological and health problems, especially in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics, particles ranging from 1 to 100\u2009nm, have emerged as a particularly concerning subset due to their ability to easily penetrate biological barriers and accumulate in tissues. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of carboxylate\u2010modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS\u2010NPs) on common carp (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Cyprinus\u2009carpio<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), a species often used in ecotoxicology research due to its ability to accumulate pollutants. The PS\u2010NPs were characterized, and their effects on DNA damage gene expression related to oxidative stress and immunity were examined. PS\u2010NPs with a diameter of 20\u201330\u2009nm were found to possess a spherical shape and negatively charged surfaces. Exposure to PS\u2010NPs led to significant DNA damage in the blood and brain cells of common carp, with higher concentrations resulting in more severe damage. Additionally, PS\u2010NP exposure influenced the expression of genes related to antioxidative defense and stress response in the liver. Specifically, genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) showed upregulation, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S\u2010transferase (GST) exhibited downregulation at higher PS\u2010NP concentrations. Furthermore, the immune\u2010related genes interleukin\u20101\u00df (IL\u20101\u00df), interleukin\u20108 (IL\u20108), and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) displayed dose\u2010dependent downregulation in the liver tissue. These findings suggest that exposure to PS\u2010NPs induces oxidative stress, disrupts immune responses, and causes DNA damage in common carp. The results highlight the need for further research on the environmental impacts of PS\u2010NPs and underscore the importance of proper waste management and recycling practices to mitigate plastic pollution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T23:45:05Z","timestamp":1716421505000},"page":"1416-1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on common carp: Insights into blood parameters, DNA damage, and gene expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6508-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcmit","family":"Acar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayrami\u00e7 Vocational School, Department of Forestry \u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University  \u00c7anakkale Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burak Evren","family":"\u0130nanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Fisheries and Diseases Aksaray University  Aksaray Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahriye","family":"Zemheri\u2010Navruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Bart\u0131n University  Bart\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11731-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-6513(02)00012-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es201811s"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00056-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EN00523D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12299-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Protocol for the single cell gel electrophoresis\/comet assay for rapid genotoxicity assessment","volume":"1077","author":"Dhawan A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sigma"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.10.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EN01457D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Microsatellite variation and genetic structure of common carp (Cyprinus\u2009carpio) populations in Gomishan bay and Gorganroud River (Southeast of the Caspian Sea)","volume":"1","author":"Ghelichpour M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45139-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2020.1859108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14984-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00111-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16510-3_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.06.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10813-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77620-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.10086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.06.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2010.01183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2019.110537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/066.2021.00168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.08.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1547691X.2016.1242673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.05.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2019.1583381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2018.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2023.109711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2022.109424"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.4645","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T18:50:27Z","timestamp":1760554227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.4645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.4645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.4645","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-437X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}