{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:40:15Z","timestamp":1790606415358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate manuscripts in order to help further elucidate the following question: is the micronucleus assay (MA) also a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage in vivo? A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to December 2023. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established. Full manuscripts from 34 studies were carefully selected and reviewed in this setting. Our results demonstrate that the MA may be a useful biomarker of gingival tissue damage in vivo, and this tissue could be a useful alternative to the buccal mucosa. The meta\u2010analysis analyzing the different sites regardless of the deleterious factor studied, the buccal mucosa (SMD\u2009=\u20090.69, 95% CI, \u2212\u20090.49 to 1.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.25) and gingiva (SMD\u2009=\u20090.31, 95% CI, \u2212\u20090.11 to 0.72, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.15), showed similar results and different outcome for the tongue (SMD\u2009=\u20091.19, 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.91, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). In summary, our conclusion suggests that the MA can be a useful marker for detecting DNA damage in gingiva in vivo and that this tissue could be effective site for smearing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T22:34:40Z","timestamp":1719873280000},"page":"117-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Is micronucleus assay a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage induced by chemical, physical, and biological agents in vivo? 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