{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T17:37:36Z","timestamp":1789234656880,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fine particulate matter (PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is associated with risks of liver diseases and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, in which the gut\u2010liver axis regulation mechanisms induced by PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure are still limited so far. In this study, after 12\u2009weeks of exposure to atmospheric PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    (64\u2009\u03bcg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and clean air in winter in Taiyuan, China, we collected liver and intestinal tissues and serum in male mice to perform toxicology experiments. The results showed that PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    significantly exacerbated the pathological injury in the liver and intestine and liver fibrosis in mice, along with elevated levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the serum. PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    caused abnormal liver function and activated TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway in mouse liver. PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    also significantly inhibited the expression of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins such as ZO\u20101 and occludin. Besides, from 16S rRNA gene sequencing results in intestinal and fecal samples, we found that PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    decreased the diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria, along with reducing Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices and increasing Simpson indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that mice's intestinal bacterial composition and \u03b2\u2010diversity in the PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010exposed group significantly differed from the control group. KEGG pathway analyzed key functional genes and metabolic pathways in important mouse bacterial communities in the PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010exposed group. It suggested that PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure exacerbates liver fibrosis in mice via the NLRP3 pathway. PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    caused intestinal mucosal injury, intestinal bacterial disorders and increased LPS levels, leading to the activation of inflammatory pathways, which can exacerbate liver fibrosis via the gut\u2010liver axis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T21:15:02Z","timestamp":1740086102000},"page":"1030-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intestinal Bacterial Dysbiosis and Liver Fibrosis in Mice Through Gut\u2010Liver Axis and NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway Caused by Fine Particulate Matter"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University  Taiyuan People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Faculty of Health York University  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University  Taiyuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University  Taiyuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University  Taiyuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University  Taiyuan People's Republic of 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