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However, exact mechanisms of FA\u2010triggered carcinogenesis are still not clear. Lactylation is recently identified as a post\u2010translational modification driven by overproduced lactic acid (LA) that regulates protein activities in different cellular processes. Our previous studies clearly demonstrated that environmentally relevant levels of FA could elevate LA in tumor cells. Poly (ADP\u2010ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a major player in DNA repair and tumor cell survival, which has been shown to be activated by lactylation. In order to examine if PARP1 lactylation is promoted by FA environmental exposure, subcutaneous tumor models were established using BALB\/c nude mice, which were exposed to 2.0\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> FA for 14\u2009days. FA significantly elevated LA concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011) in the tumor tissues, which was confirmed in A549 cells treated with 100\u2009\u03bcM FA in\u00a0vitro. Both activity and lactylation of PARP1 were found to be induced by FA, which also enhanced DNA repair and tumor\u2010promotive functions in\u00a0vitro. Inhibition of LA production through lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) knockout reduced FA\u2010potentiated PARP1 lactylation and activity. Collectively, these results revealed for the first time that FA promoted tumor cell growth through enhanced PARP1 lactylation, which could be the underlying mechanism of FA\u2010related carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T07:59:06Z","timestamp":1741679946000},"page":"1285-1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Formaldehyde Promoted Tumor Cell Growth Through Reinforced Lactylation of Poly (ADP\u2010Ribose) Polymerase 1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM and School of Public Health Anhui University of Science and Technology  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control, Occupational Safety and Health, 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