{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T07:11:41Z","timestamp":1779001901998,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    With clean water becoming increasingly scarce, safe and effective treatment methods are essential. Chemical disinfectants like Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Monopropylamine (MPA) are widely used due to their cost\u2010effectiveness, but their health risks remain unclear. To investigate the sub\u2010chronic oral toxicity of two commercially used antiscalants to assess their potential health risks and to develop a safer and more sustainable water treatment methods, we conducted a 28\u2010day study on 70 rats to assess their sub\u2010chronic oral toxicity. Blood analysis revealed significant increases in WBC, MCV, MCH, PLT, and PCT levels, along with a notable rise in ALP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Histopathological examination showed severe liver, heart, and lung damage, including necrosis, inflammatory cell accumulation, and tissue degeneration. These findings suggest that MEA and MPA pose serious health risks, raising concerns about their widespread use in water treatment. Given their potential impact on human health and the environment, it is crucial to reassess their safety and explore alternative disinfectants. Ensuring the long\u2010term safety of water treatment methods is vital for public health and environmental sustainability, making further research and regulatory evaluation necessary.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:25:23Z","timestamp":1750206323000},"page":"2165-2173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Repeated 28\u2010Day Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Two Water Treatment Chemicals (Monoethanolamine and Monopropylamine) in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9000-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jalal","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Tabarraei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.\u00a0Wallace","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6467-3894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasti","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7308-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erfan","family":"Soroush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Research Center (MRC) Pasteur Institute of Iran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Hormozgan Medical University  Bandarabbas Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamsi\u00a0Sadat","family":"Mosavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh\u00a0Mandana","family":"Mojtahedzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Ghadimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) University of Tabriz  Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2329-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Diansaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, T.C. Islamic Azad University  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Montajab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6807-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiana","family":"Ghatei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, K.C. Islamic Azad University  Kazeroon Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reyhaneh","family":"Kheiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asal","family":"Basiryanmahabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8547-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kannan","family":"Subbaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The Maldives National University  Maldives"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parham","family":"Ziabakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C. 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