{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:00:44Z","timestamp":1782183644660,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present study investigates the effects of lacosamide (LCM), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their polyethylene glycol (PEG)\u2010based conjugates on para\n                    <jats:sup>bss1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mutant\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a model for epilepsy. Flies were cultured on standard wheat cream agar medium at 22\u00b1\u20091\u00b0C and exposed to three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) of each treatment. The size of the AgNPs was noted to be 8.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.40\u2009nm. Key life history traits and behavioral assays were assessed. Fecundity and fertility were highest in flies treated with the highest dose of LCM, the middle dose of AgNPs, and the lowest dose of the conjugate, relative to controls. Similarly, survival rates were enhanced in these treatment groups. Behavioral assays revealed that adult flies treated with higher concentrations of LCM, AgNPs, and the conjugate exhibited improved climbing performance, successfully reaching 16\u2009cm within 1\u2009min. Larval crawling assays showed co\u2010ordinated movements in lower dose LCM and AgNPs treated groups, while larvae exposed to the conjugate demonstrated impaired locomotion with circular movement patterns. Ovariole counts across treatments remained within the physiological range (18\u201343), indicating preserved reproductive potential. Overall, our findings suggest that LCM, AgNPs, and their PEG\u2010conjugates exhibit dose\u2010dependent effects on reproductive and behavioral parameters in para\n                    <jats:sup>bss1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mutants, with the conjugate showing differential influence on larval motor coordination. These insights highlight the therapeutic potential and limitations of nanoparticle\u2010assisted drug delivery in neuro\u2010genetic models of epilepsy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T21:14:16Z","timestamp":1750626856000},"page":"2184-2196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Lacosamide, Silver Nanoparticles, and Their PEG\u2010Conjugates on Life History Traits and Behavioral Responses in para\n                    <sup>bss1<\/sup>\n                    Mutant\n                    <i>Drosophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Megha\u00a0B.","family":"Abbigeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drosophila and Nano\u2010Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics Karnatak University  Dharwad Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bothe","family":"Thokchom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drosophila and Nano\u2010Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics Karnatak University  Dharwad Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sapam\u00a0Riches","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drosophila and Nano\u2010Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics Karnatak University  Dharwad Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudheendra\u00a0Rao","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drosophila and Nano\u2010Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics Karnatak University  Dharwad Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh\u00a0Mallikarjun","family":"Bhavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drosophila and Nano\u2010Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics Karnatak University  Dharwad Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1325-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh\u00a0Babu","family":"Yarajarla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drosophila and Nano\u2010Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics Karnatak University  Dharwad Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoso.2024.101320"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31411"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvz039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkae188"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15298"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503831"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527\u20103458.2007.00001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34564"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15110870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2006.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210\u2010200923070\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.606919"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12213"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.039867"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2010.02640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1116000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"508","article-title":"Effect of Phenytoin on Development and Life\u2010History Traits of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"104","author":"Gayathri D. 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