{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:52:17Z","timestamp":1792979537346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cadmium, a bluish\u2010white metallic, possesses a prolonged half\u2010life in organisms, causing damage to multiple tissues and organs. Naringenin, a natural flavonoid antioxidant, mitigates cadmium\u2010induced damage in organisms. However, the mechanism by which naringenin attenuates Cd\u2010associated hepatocellular damage has not been fully elucidated. The present investigation consequently aimed to elucidate the mechanistic involvement of autophagy in cadmium hepatotoxicity using the rat model, with parallel assessment of naringenin's hepatoprotective efficacy. In this experiment, 24 SD rats underwent randomization to four experimental groups: (1) control (intraperitoneal saline injection), (2) Cd (1\u2009mg\/kg b.w. CdCl\u2082 intraperitoneal injection), (3) Cd\u2009+\u2009Nar (1\u2009mg\/kg b.w. CdCl\u2082 injection + 50\u2009mg\/kg b.w. naringenin oral gavage), and (4) Nar (50\u2009mg\/kg b.w. naringenin oral gavage) groups. After the 14\u2010day interventions, serum and liver tissues were collected post\u2010euthanasia. Hepatic injury markers (AST and ALT) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) were quantified. Histopathology utilized HE and TUNEL staining. RT\u2010qPCR and western blot analyses determined mRNA and protein expression levels of autophagy\u2010related factors (p62 and LC3) and apoptosis\u2010related factor (Caspase\u20103). The results demonstrated that cadmium exposure significantly reduced body weight, increased relative liver weight, elevated serum AST\/ALT levels, and diminished hepatic CAT\/SOD activity. Cadmium significantly upregulated both mRNA and protein expression levels of p62 and Caspase\u20103 while suppressing LC3 expression. Naringenin co\u2010administration attenuated cadmium\u2010induced hepatic injury, oxidative stress, impaired autophagy, and enhanced apoptosis. These findings collectively demonstrate that cadmium exposure induces hepatic injury and oxidative stress in rats through autophagy inhibition and apoptotic activation, while naringenin exerts protective effects by modulating these pathological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:49:11Z","timestamp":1755218951000},"page":"318-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Autophagy in Cadmium\u2010Induced Hepatic Injury of Rats: Protective Role of Naringenin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6113-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7299-0352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1414-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengxiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8671-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0596-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9376-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jicang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22092\/ARI.2021.356811.1918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1336145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1221227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou S. 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