{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:42:04Z","timestamp":1782301324161,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and bifenthrin (BF) are two of the most commonly used pesticides in the agriculture sector, which may accumulate in the environment and cause biotoxicity. The current study was conducted to check the potential toxicity of CPF and BF on\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The 96\u2009h\u2010LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of CPF, BF, and their mixture were calculated as 11.2\u2009\u03bcg\/L, 4.7\u2009\u03bcg\/L, and 0.8\u2009\u03bcg\/L, respectively. A total of 120 adult fish distributed into 12 aquariums (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910 fish\/aquarium) weighing 118\u2009\u00b1\u20095 were used; sublethal concentrations of CPF (3.72\u2009\u03bcg\/L), BF (1.34\u2009\u03bcg\/L), and CPF\u2009+\u2009BF mixture (0.26\u2009\u03bcg\/L) were administered for 30\u2009days during the experiment. Results showed a decline in antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in the liver, kidney, and testis of fish in all exposure groups. Whereas the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased. Similarly, insecticide exposure caused DNA damage in terms of increased tail length, scattered chromatin with reduced %DNA in the head. Histoarchitectural variations showed more prominent damage in BF and CPF\u2009+\u2009BF\u2010treated groups. Liver histopathology showed necrosis, macrophage aggregation, and damaged hepatocytes, while in the kidney, tissue hemorrhage and fragmentation of convoluted tubules were evident in treated groups. Additionally, gonadal histopathology showed dilated seminiferous tubules, wider lumen with reduced sperm count in treated groups. Results of the present study suggest that CPF and BF have the potential to cause hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>H. molitrix<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    with synergism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T06:51:38Z","timestamp":1755931898000},"page":"342-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chlorpyrifos and Bifenthrin Induced Histopathological and Biochemical Alterations in Different Organs of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qurat\u00a0Ul","family":"Ain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Government College Women University  Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moazama","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government College Women University  Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government College Women University  Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jwaher","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government College Women University  Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira","family":"Boota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government College Women University  Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundas","family":"Kali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5160-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehwish","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"2344","article-title":"Overview of Pesticide Toxicity in Fish","author":"Adedeji O. 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