{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:28:33Z","timestamp":1782491313391,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3504000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3504000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare the safety profiles of Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) and its counterfeit, Shuizhizi, Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were orally administered aqueous extracts of Zhizi and Shuizhizi at 1.8 and 5.4\u2009g\/kg\/day for 28 and 90\u2009days, followed by a 28\u2010day recovery period. Hematological indices, biochemical markers of liver and kidney function, organ coefficients, and histopathology were assessed at all three time points. Both substances induced dose\u2010dependent abnormal hematological findings, disrupted liver\/kidney function indices, altered organ coefficients, and caused histopathological damage. Shuizhizi induced significantly more severe toxicities than Zhizi. After the recovery period, the safety gap widened, with the Shuizhizi groups exhibiting delayed recovery: significantly reduced body weight in the high\u2010dose Shuizhizi group (H\u2010SZZ), significant alterations in most hematology and liver\/kidney indices in both the low\u2010dose Shuizhizi group (L\u2010SZZ) and H\u2010SZZ groups, and persistent marked liver pathology in the L\u2010SZZ group. These findings indicate that Zhizi and Shuizhizi exhibit an identical spectrum of toxicity. However, the latter displayed significantly greater toxicity, with residual toxicity being particularly pronounced during the recovery phase. These results confirm that Shuizhizi is less safe for clinical application compared to Zhizi and should not be used as a substitute in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T06:22:58Z","timestamp":1756880578000},"page":"601-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Gardeniae Fructus and Shuizhizi Water Extracts in Sprague\u2013Dawley Rats Over 90\u2009Days"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Chenna","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangrong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohua","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmab006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Chen X. 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