{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:53:57Z","timestamp":1777949637354,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aminoglycoside\u2010induced acute nephrotoxicity is a worldwide concern, while no effective preventive therapy exists. This study examined pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment effects of low doses of antidyslipidemic drugs such as fenofibrate (30\u2009mg\/kg\/day,\n                    <jats:italic>p.o<\/jats:italic>\n                    .) and rosuvastatin (2\u2009mg\/kg\/day,\n                    <jats:italic>p.o<\/jats:italic>\n                    .) in gentamicin (100\u2009mg\/kg\/day,\n                    <jats:italic>i.p<\/jats:italic>\n                    .)\u2010induced experimental acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Gentamicin\u2010evoked nephrotoxicity was assessed via biochemical, molecular, and renal histopathological studies. Compared with normal rats, gentamicin\u2010treated rats presented marked renal functional abnormalities with significant increases in the serum creatinine and urea levels, while there were no significant changes in the lipid profile. Pre\u2010treatment with low\u2010dose fenofibrate, but not post\u2010treatment, in gentamicin\u2010administered rats resulted in significant renal functional improvements. On the other hand, pre\u2010treatment with low\u2010dose rosuvastatin partially reduced gentamicin\u2010induced increase in serum creatinine levels, but its post\u2010treatment did not afford renal functional improvements. Renal histopathological analyses using hematoxylin\u2013eosin, periodic acid Schiff, and Masson's trichrome staining revealed discernible incidences of acute tubular necrosis in the gentamicin\u2010administered rats, which was prominently prevented by pre\u2010treatments with both drugs but not markedly by their post\u2010treatments. The renal structural and functional abnormalities in the gentamicin\u2010administered rats were associated with significant increases in serum uric acid concentration, and renal inflammation as assessed by elevation of TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels, which were significantly attenuated by both pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatments. In conclusion, low\u2010dose fenofibrate pre\u2010treatment but not post\u2010treatment considerably prevented gentamicin\u2010induced acute tubular necrosis and renal functional abnormalities. Despite effective prevention of gentamicin\u2010induced acute tubular necrosis, pre\u2010treatment with low\u2010dose rosuvastatin provided partial protection against renal functional abnormalities, while its post\u2010treatment was markedly ineffective.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T08:18:43Z","timestamp":1763713123000},"page":"1879-1896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Pre\u2010 and Post\u2010Treatment Effects of Low\u2010Dose Antidyslipidemic Drugs on Gentamicin\u2010Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity in the Rat: A Histopathological and Biochemical Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-1296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pitchai","family":"Balakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Office of Research and Development Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science &amp; Technology (Deemed to be University)  Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noohu\u00a0Abdulla","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajavel","family":"Varatharajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University  Bedong Kedah Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.\u00a0M.","family":"Sundram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy AIMST University  Bedong Kedah Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4862"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","article-title":"Chrysin Attenuates Gentamicin\u2010Induced Renal Injury in Rats Through Modulation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation via Regulation of Nrf2\/AKT and NF\u2010kB\/KIM\u20101 Pathways","volume":"13","author":"Albukhari T. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2011.00728.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210\u2010025\u201004396\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2011.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2014.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Aminoglycosides\u2010\u201050 Years On","volume":"39","author":"Begg E. J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-jbn-2023-0148en","article-title":"Fenofibrate Attenuates Renal Lipotoxicity in Uninephrectomized Mice With High\u2010Fat Diet\u2010Induced Obesity","volume":"46","author":"Castro B. B. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2015.00196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/345098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0416-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Effectiveness of Fenofibrate in Comparison to Bezafibrate for Patients With Asymptomatic Primary Biliary Cirrhosis","volume":"104","author":"Dohmen K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.14121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079902125000516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2024.2373216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.13-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.897307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12204"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"170","article-title":"Markers of Renal Function Tests","volume":"2","author":"Gowda S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"North American Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-011-1289-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58030425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2016.1267062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-022-01143-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3490641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35175-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000034910.58454.FD"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11207690-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2024.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2024.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2024.11091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00036-22"},{"issue":"302","key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"e9","article-title":"Elevated Uric Acid Increases the Risk for Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"125","author":"Lapsia V.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2009.009218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2025.110274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/1153644-S0-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00283.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248412444463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15257771003741323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2023.0294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"444","article-title":"Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity.\u201d Brazilian","volume":"21","author":"Oliveira J. F. P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2861"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/1158822-S0-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.10.1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.133429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.1010-1016.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55040107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000436975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00170.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/39.1.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2012.664809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08860220802546321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.2597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.2027"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.4987","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jat.4987","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.4987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:17:13Z","timestamp":1777864633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.4987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.4987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.4987","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-437X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}