{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:18:01Z","timestamp":1780431481783,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The epicuticular wax layer in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aleurodicus dispersus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (spiraling whitefly) serves as a hydrophobic barrier that limits insecticide penetration and contact toxicity. This study evaluated the potential of solvent, enzymatic, and natural agents to disrupt the wax layer and enhance insecticidal efficacy. Laboratory assays screened eight agents\u2014chloroform, hexane, ethyl alcohol, xylene, salt solution, soap solution, lipase, and CTCRI cassava extract\u2014across graded concentrations. Two\u2010way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of solvent type (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:sub>70<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200910.697;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.01) and concentration (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>10,70<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200940.936;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.01) on percent wax removal. Lipase (0.5\u20132.5\u2009g\/L) and soap solution (1.5\u201310\u2009g\/L) exhibited the highest efficacy, confirmed through validation bioassays and Tukey's HSD grouping (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.01). Pot trials on eggplant (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Solanum melongena<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and cassava (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Manihot esculenta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) demonstrated that wax disruption substantially increased toxicological performance. Lipase and soap solution alone reduced whitefly density by 40%\u201355%, while combinations with botanicals (neem seed kernel extract [NSKE], azadirachtin) achieved 70%\u201390% mortality. Integration with triazophos or acephate resulted in near\u2010total suppression (95%\u2013100% mortality; \u2264\u20094 insects\/leaf). Three\u2010way ANOVA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.01) confirmed significant treatment and interaction effects on both whitefly population and corrected mortality, indicating enhanced penetration and bioavailability of insecticides through wax dissolution. These results introduce epicuticular wax disruption as a mechanistic adjuvant approach in insect toxicology. Lipase and soap solution emerge as potent surface\u2010active agents for improving insecticidal delivery and contact toxicity, offering a new direction in formulation science and integrated pest management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T07:52:11Z","timestamp":1764143531000},"page":"1907-1917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epicuticular Wax Disruption as a Novel Mechanistic Strategy to Enhance Insecticidal Toxicity Against\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Aleurodicus dispersus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    on Eggplant and Cassava"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4829-0257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Boopathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Anusha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u00a0G.","family":"Prasuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University  Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Divya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research  Hyderabad Telangana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13123083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Akter K.2022. \u201cEffect of Botanicals on Sucking Insect Pests and Their Predator in Brinjal.\u201d Doctoral dissertation Department of Entomology."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jen.13128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511711909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12600\u2010021\u201000969\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/64343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-6055.1997.tb01447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22161\/ijeab\/3.3.41"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Survey for the Occurrence of Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell) Under High Density Planting Systems of Guava in Karnataka, India","volume":"26","author":"Duradundi S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/48.2.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-020-01210-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Management of Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Russel) in Guava, Psidium guajava L","volume":"19","author":"Jayanthi P. 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R.2024. \u201cBiology and Management of Spiralling Whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersusRussel) on Guava (Psidium guajavaL.).\u201d Doctoral dissertation Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Maharashtra India."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-023-00213-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780138752798-58"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13050471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2014-1171.ch001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.70001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jat.70001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jat.70001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:16:59Z","timestamp":1777864619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jat.70001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jat.70001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jat.70001","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-437X","1099-1263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-437X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}