{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:14:59Z","timestamp":1790997299572,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006295","name":"Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03s76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03s76"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microplastics (MPs), pervasive environmental contaminants, pose significant health risks due to their persistence and potential toxicity in biological systems. This study evaluated the chronic effects of polyethylene (PE) MPs (1\u201315\u2009\u03bcm) on liver function in rats, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. Twenty\u2010four male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098\/group): a control group receiving distilled water, a low\u2010dose group receiving 5\u2009mg\/kg PE MPs, and a high\u2010dose group receiving 10\u2009mg\/kg PE MPs, administered via daily oral gavage for 4\u2009weeks. Results revealed dose\u2010dependent hepatotoxicity, with elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) increased significantly, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and anti\u2010inflammatory interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010) decreased markedly. Furthermore, caspase\u20103 gene expression was significantly upregulated, indicating enhanced apoptotic activity in the liver. These findings confirm that chronic microplastic exposure induces hepatotoxicity through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, highlighting the need for further research into long\u2010term health risks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T07:56:23Z","timestamp":1763711783000},"page":"1687-1696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chronic Microplastic Exposure Dose\u2010Dependently Induces Liver Failure via Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3136-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghasem","family":"Forutan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaghoob","family":"Farbood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Lamoochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobhan","family":"Nardast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical 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