{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:53:37Z","timestamp":1777949617600,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Liver fibrosis, which is promoted through the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and aggravated through oxidative and nitrosative stress induced by cisplatin, may be alleviated by L\u2010carnitine. This study evaluates its antifibrotic efficacy in LX\u20101 cells through an assessment of inflammation regulation, oxidative\/nitrosative stress (indicated by iNOS expression and nitric oxide production), DNA damage, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Nitrosative stress was evaluated by measuring the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation, both of which signify reactive nitrogen species (RNS) activity. Human hepatic stellate (LX\u20101) cells were treated with cisplatin (10\u2009\u03bcM for 6\u2009h) to induce fibrogenic stress, followed by L\u2010carnitine (0\u201315\u2009\u03bcM) exposure. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT test. To calculate the number of inflammatory cytokines, the ELISA assay was utilized. Antioxidant activity was measured using the superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay. Apoptosis was identified using DAPI staining and DNA damage was measured. Statistical analysis was conducted utilizing one\u2010way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). L\u2010carnitine showed a limit of concentration\u2010dependent protection from the effects of fibrosis initiated by cisplatin. Cell viability decreased from ~85% at 2\u2009\u03bcM to ~40% at 14\u2009\u03bcM (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At 15\u2009\u03bcM, the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines examined (IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, TGF\u2010\u03b21) decreased by 60%\u201370% (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with a concurrent 80% increase in the activity of SOD. A 70% decrease in the amount of DNA damage and a dose\u2010dependent increase in apoptosis were also observed. Meanwhile, iNOS and pERK1\/2 decreased ~70% and the activity of MMP\u20102 and MMP\u20109 was significantly inhibited. L\u2010carnitine protects LX\u20101 hepatic stellate cells against cisplatin\u2010induced activation by attenuating inflammation, nitrosative stress, DNA damage, and ECM remodeling. These findings suggest its therapeutic potential for preventing chemotherapy\u2010induced hepatic fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T02:38:43Z","timestamp":1764383923000},"page":"1977-1986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["L\u2010Carnitine Protects Against Cisplatin\u2010Induced Activation of Human Hepatic Stellate Cells via Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitrosative Stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2792-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikram","family":"Nimbalkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation's College of Pharmacy  Ahilyanagar Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj","family":"Vyawhare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy  Pune Maharashtra 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