{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:18:41Z","timestamp":1781050721818,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the chemical properties and concentrations of major pollutants, including toxic elements, across four zones of Erbil City: city center, industrial, residential, and suburban areas, with samples collected from five sub\u2010sites in each zone. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate (NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), sulfate (SO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), ammonium (NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and major toxic elements including chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were analyzed. In the study area, the pH values ranged from 5.1 to 6.7 with industrial sites revealing slightly acidic conditions (5.1\u20135.3). Industrial zones revealed elevated EC (&gt;\u2009690\u2009\u03bcS\/cm) and TDS (&gt;\u2009500\u2009mg\/L), alongside high NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations (7.5 to 8.1\u2009mg\/L). Heavy metal analysis revealed that heavy metal concentrations were highest in industrial areas, with Pb reaching 48.0\u2009\u03bcg\/L, Cd 2.1\u2009\u03bcg\/L, Cr 4.5\u2009\u03bcg\/L, and As 3.60\u2009\u03bcg\/L, which were higher than WHO guidelines. While in residential areas, NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels were (&gt;\u20090.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009mg\/L). Sulfate concentrations varied between 0.50 and 2.0\u2009mg\/L, with industrial sites showing the highest values, and concentrations increased. The results demonstrated that the city center and residential areas showed moderate contamination, while suburban areas demonstrated the lowest pollutant concentrations and revealed minimal anthropogenic influence. The study demonstrated that around 70% of samples posed moderate to high noncarcinogenic risks for children in the studied sites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T05:15:13Z","timestamp":1765170913000},"page":"2293-2308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Health Risk of Rainwater in Erbil, Kurdistan\u2010Iraq: Atmospheric Deposition and Public Health Implication"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3561-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzhda\u00a0Q.","family":"Qader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Hawler Medical University  Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7413-2135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molla\u00a0R.","family":"Shaibur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology Jashore University of Science and Technology  Jashore Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dara\u00a0A.","family":"Al\u2010Banna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing\u2010Nursing Faculty Tishk International University  Erbil Kurdistan Region of Iraq Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikrat\u00a0M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science for Women University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiyai\u00a0M.","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Health, College of Science Salahaddin University  Erbil Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shevan\u00a0J.","family":"Jirjees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Petroleum Sciences, College of Science Salahaddin University  Erbil Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imokhai\u00a0T.","family":"Tenebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21123\/bsj.2022.7650"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/MEQ\u201007\u20102019\u20100146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36295\/ASRO.2020.231392"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","article-title":"Challenges to Sustainable Water Management in Jordan","volume":"11","author":"Al\u2010Kharabsheh A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jordan Journal of Earth & Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21123\/bsj.2022.19.3.0515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Anzecc A.2000.Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. 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