{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:21:34Z","timestamp":1787066494109,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Thiram is a dithiocarbamate fungicide that protects turf, fruits and ornamental plants. The purpose of this experiment was to ascertain the toxico\u2010pathological effects of thiram induced toxicity in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The fish were divided into four groups: Group A was kept as control, compared to groups B, C, and D exposed to 40, 80, and 120\u2009\u03bcg\/L thiram, respectively. The results indicated a significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) reduction in body weight, while both the absolute and relative weights of gills increased significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in fish exposed to a higher concentration of thiram. Hematological parameters showed significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) reduction in RBCs, Hb, HCT, LYM, MCV, MCHC, and platelet counts, while neutrophils and leukocytes were significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) increased. Oxidative stress parameters (TBARS and ROS) were significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) increased, while antioxidant enzymes (GSH, POD, CAT, and SOD) were significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) decreased. Moreover, comet assay showed significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) higher percentile rate of DNA damage in gills tissues of treated fish exposed to 80 and 120\u2009\u03bcg\/L thiram compared to control fish. Moreover, results showed severe histopathological changes in the gills like aneurysm, degeneration of cartilaginous cores, disruption of primary lamellae, necrosis of lamellar pillars and atrophy of lamellae. Hence, thiram demonstrates severe detrimental effects on physical and hematological parameters, induces oxidative stress, affects anti\u2010oxidant enzyme activity, causes DNA damage and leads to histopathological alterations in the gills tissues of the freshwater fish.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T05:36:57Z","timestamp":1769146617000},"page":"2819-2829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Thiram Induced Hematological Disorders, Gills Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Alterations in Common Carp (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Cyprinus carpio<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3026-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawaria","family":"Farooq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology The Government Sadiq College Women University  Bahawalpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzma","family":"Maqbool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology The Government Sadiq College Women University  Bahawalpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3058-1371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riaz","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur  Bahawalpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9885-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz\u00a0Muhammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur  Bahawalpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadullah","family":"Baqir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadeem","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5450421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35495\/ajab.2024.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijvs\/2021.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijvs\/2025.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115896"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-025-00434-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmw198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","article-title":"Enhanced Wound Healing Effects of Herbal Gel Formulations in a Rabbit Model: A Comparative Study","volume":"2024","author":"Al\u2010Farraj D. 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