{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:00:52Z","timestamp":1786370452930,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microplastics (MPs), diameter &lt;\u20095\u2009mm, are becoming a major environmental health concern issue but there is still less information available about the exposure and toxicity of MPs on mammal health. In the current study, we assessed the effects of MPs, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Polystyrene (PS) toxicity on body weight, blood glucose, different blood parameters, and oxidative stress of Wistar albino rats. SEM analysis was performed for the characterization of PVC and PS MPs. In in\u00a0vivo analysis, the rats were divided into five groups and four groups; Groups 2 to 5 were exposed to PVC and PS at different doses (300 and 1000\u2009mg\/kg), and Group 1 was used as a control group. After 8\u2009weeks of exposure, the change in body weight and blood parameters was determined, which showed a significant alteration in the animals' bodies. The addition of polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene to the rats showed a significant decline in body weight (PVC 0.0021: PS 0.0055) and an increase in blood glucose (PVC 0.0006; PS 0.0009). The harmful effect was also analyzed on internal organs which depicted the increase in total cholesterol (PVC 0.0006; PS 0.0009), triglyceride (PVC 0.0001; PS 0.0026), low\u2010density lipoprotein (PVC 0.0226; PS 0.0051), alanine transaminase (PVC; PS &lt;\u20090.0001), albumin (PVC 0.0037; PS 0.0001), creatinine (PVC; PS &lt;\u20090.0001), uric acid (PVC 0.0009; PS 0.0014), superoxide dismutase (PVC 0.0025; PS 0.0017), malonaldehyde (PVC; PS &lt;\u20090.0001) whereas decrease in high density lipoprotein (PVC 0.0255; PS 0.0057), alkaline phosphatase (PVC; PS &lt;\u20090.0001) and catalase (PVC 0.0095; PS 0.030). Also, the histopathological analysis of the renal and hepatic tissue showed the toxicological effect of PVC and PS. The outcomes of the current work depicted that the MPs, PVC, and PS have toxic effects on animals and humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:15:57Z","timestamp":1770452157000},"page":"2957-2972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dose\u2010Dependent Toxicological Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride and Polystyrene Microplastics on Wistar Albino Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Rida","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Biotechnology, Atta\u2010ur\u2010Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kauser","family":"Parveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Government College Women University  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Hail  Hail Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maisa\u00a0S.","family":"Abduh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group King Abdul\u2010Aziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiman","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khyber Medical University  Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faiza","family":"Naseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Shifa Tameer\u2010e\u2010Millat University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Biotechnology, Atta\u2010ur\u2010Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4813616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gv.2014.12.01.8195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15421\/011724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian Ebere E. 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