{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:19:46Z","timestamp":1787242786277,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2021\/001369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2021\/001369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nanomedicine combines nanotechnology with healthcare, offering transformative possibilities in drug delivery and targeted therapies. The unique properties of nanomaterials\u2014such as their high surface area owing to their microscopic size\u2014make them especially valuable in treating various diseases. Nanogels\u2014polymeric nanomaterials which are designed to be modular\u2014can be enabled to carry both water\u2010soluble and fat\u2010soluble drugs. They enable controlled drug release, protect against metabolic degradation and ensure targeted delivery to cancer cells, thereby reducing undesired drug interaction and systemic toxicity. Elastin, known for its biocompatibility and natural degradability, could play a transformative role in the biomedical landscape. Its mechanical properties can be tailored to improve drug delivery systems with enhanced loading capacities with stimuli responsive release. Enzalutamide (EZA), a drug used in prostate cancer treatment, functions by blocking androgen receptor signalling, thereby inhibiting cancer progression. Yet, resistance to castration treatment triumphs over EZA. Hence constructing a carrier that can enhance EZA's availability within the tumour environment was hypothesized by using elastin protein. The elastin nanogel (ENG) was characterized to understand physical properties such as size, drug encapsulation and rate of drug release. Furthering the need to assess safety of ENG along with its drug encapsulated counterpart. Zebrafish (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Danio<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rerio)\u2014\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    a model organism in biomedical research due to its genetic similarities to humans\u2014was utilized. Translucency of embryos makes it ideal for studying developmental morphology. Its high sensitivity to dissolved substances makes it a valuable model for toxicological studies, environmental monitoring, and drug discovery. This study evaluates the acute toxicity of EZA\u2010loaded ENG at various concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Toxicological endpoints including viability, mortality, hatching rate, heart rate and morphological abnormalities were assessed at multiple developmental stages (0\u201396\u2009hpf). At 96\u2009hpf, pooled embryo samples from each group underwent total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and quantitative real time PCR targeting seven developmental genes (\n                    <jats:italic>Hoxa3a, mef2ca, Nkx2.5, pax6a<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Runx2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) related to organogenesis, notochord, cardiac, skeletal and spinal cord development, normalized to GAPDH expression. The EZA\u2009+\u2009ENG group demonstrated reduced toxicity relative to free\u2010form EZA across both phenotypic and molecular parameters, suggesting improved biocompatibility and potential for safer drug delivery. These findings support the utility of elastin\u2010based nano carriers in mitigating the developmental toxicity of antiandrogenic therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:25:37Z","timestamp":1770596737000},"page":"2973-2984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biocompatibility and Toxicity Evaluation of an Elastin\u2010Based Nanogel Carrier for Enzalutamide: Comprehensive Characterization, Controlled Release and Assessment in Zebrafish Embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5871-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan\u00a0Yeshwanth","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7513-8109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulzar\u00a0Ahmed","family":"Rather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul\u00a0Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Yohitha\u00a0Saravanvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u00a0Satish","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinoth\u2010Kumar","family":"Lakshmanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research  Chennai India"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Toronto Metropolitan University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2016.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.rec066449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2025.102645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjonc\u20102023\u2010000198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.70020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Freedland S. 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