{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1789541172933,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014786","name":"Northern Border University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NBU\u2010FFR\u20102026\u20102510\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBU\u2010FFR\u20102026\u20102510\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chlorfenapyr (CFP) is an insecticide known to induce hepatotoxicity through oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Resveratrol (RES) exhibits antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties, and its delivery via chitosan nanoparticles (RES\u2010CNPs) may enhance its protective effects. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of RES and RES\u2010CNPs against CFP\u2010induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910): control, RES, RES\u2010CNPs, CFP, CFP\u2009+\u2009RES, and CFP\u2009+\u2009RES\u2010CNPs. Treatments were administered orally for 30\u2009days. Liver function, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defense system, energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammatory gene expression, histopathology, and ultrastructure were evaluated exposure significantly decreased total protein, albumin, antioxidant levels (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPX), ATP, and PDH activity, while increasing liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), lipid peroxidation (MDA, PCO), mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory gene expression (NF\u2010\u03baB, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106), CRP, and total leukocyte count (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Co\u2010administration of RES\u2010CNPs significantly restored these biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters, showing superior efficacy to crude RES in most endpoints and achieving values close to the negative control for several markers (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses confirmed CFP\u2010induced hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, which were ameliorated by RES\u2010CNPs, with near\u2010normal liver architecture and cellular integrity. RES\u2010CNPs effectively mitigate CFP\u2010induced hepatotoxicity by restoring liver function, enhancing antioxidant defenses, preserving mitochondrial function, and suppressing inflammation. RES\u2010CNPs demonstrated superior hepatoprotective effects compared to crude RES, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy against xenobiotic\u2010induced liver injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T14:27:33Z","timestamp":1770388053000},"page":"2939-2956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mechanistic Evaluation of Chlorfenapyr\u2010Induced Hepatotoxicity and the Mitigating Actions of Resveratrol\u2010Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7836-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahraa\u00a0Khalifa","family":"Sobh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad\u00a0A.","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Umm Al\u2010Qura University  Makkah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7794-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazen\u00a0M.","family":"Ghaith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Umm Al\u2010Qura University  Makkah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neven\u00a0A.","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Taibah University  Madinah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekramy\u00a0M.","family":"Elmorsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research Northern Border University  Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6104-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa\u00a0Fady","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"},{"name":"Clinical Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine Dar Al\u2010Uloom University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/asejaiqjsae.2021.201175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11050594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/05-004R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17111453"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-15279-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.aejts.2013.5.4.83208"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Toxicity of the Chlorfenapyr: Growth Inhibition and Induction of Oxidative Stress on a Freshwater Protozoan: Paramecium sp","volume":"9","author":"Benbouzid H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Environmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1114231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02278-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2024.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1651916"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.110702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2023.100539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.466490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i34.4539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.aejts.2019.29.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"El\u2010Raouf A. 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