{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:32:26Z","timestamp":1788877946381,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA023168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA023168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013415","name":"Purdue University Center for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences prostate cancer (PCa) progression through stromal and immune interactions. Adipose\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) modulate immune tone, while inorganic arsenic (iAs), a widespread toxicant, is linked to immune suppression and carcinogenesis. Their combined impact on PCa immunity has remained unclear. Using a Ras\u2010driven murine PCa model (TC2Ras, which mimics aggressive, immune\u2010interactive PCa through constitutive Ras signaling), we assessed ASC and chronic iAs exposure effects on tumor growth, immune infiltration, and transcriptomic remodeling via flow cytometry, RNA\u2010seq, and qPCR. ASC\u2010conditioned media increased TC2Ras viability by up to 82%, an effect reversed by iAs (300\u20131000\u2009ppb). In\u00a0vivo, ASC co\u2010implantation significantly elevated tumor weight in ASC\u2009+\u2009iAs tumors. ASC promoted approximately twofold macrophage and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell infiltration, while iAs suppressed macrophages and MDSCs. We performed RNA\u2010seq and qPCR, confirming that a sustained IFN\u03b3\u2010IRF1 activation (approximately eightfold) in ASC tumors occurred alongside an iAs\u2010driven downregulation of adaptive immunity, as well as an upregulation of immune checkpoint genes (Pdcd1, Lag3). These findings demonstrate that ASC\u2013iAs crosstalk remodels the TME toward immune tolerance and chronic IFN\u03b3 signaling, potentially facilitating tumor progression and revealing novel mechanisms by which environmental toxicants may influence cancer immunity through stromal cell interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:10:30Z","timestamp":1772957430000},"page":"3274-3287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunomodulation of the Prostate Tumor Microenvironment Following Inorganic Arsenic Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1443-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph\u00a0J.","family":"Shearer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5487-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosette","family":"Rivera\u2010Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre\u00a0M.\u00a0B.","family":"Cavalca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  Botucatu SP 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