{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:04:59Z","timestamp":1792638299678,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polyethylene microplastics (PE\u2010MPs), widely used in food packaging, are among the most abundantly produced microplastics; however, their adverse effects on male reproductive health remain poorly understood. Irisin, an exercise\u2010induced adipomyokine, plays a regulatory role in adipogenesis and reproductive function. This study investigated the protective effects of irisin and exercise against PE\u2010MPs\u2013induced reproductive toxicity in male SD rats. Eight\u2010week\u2010old rats were divided into six groups: control, exercise (45\u2009min of swimming\/day), irisin (100\u2009ng\/kg, sc), PE\u2010MPs (2000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), PE\u2010MPs\u2009+\u2009exercise, and PE\u2010MPs\u2009+\u2009irisin, and treated for 56\u2009days. End\u2010point assessments included body and reproductive organ weights, sperm parameters, male reproductive hormones, serum irisin with lipid profile, adipogenesis markers, blood\u2013testis barrier proteins, and testicular AMPK\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 signaling. PE\u2010MPs exposure reduced sperm count, motility, and normal morphology, accompanied by increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant levels. Serum irisin, testosterone, and FSH levels were markedly decreased but were restored following irisin administration and exercise. Histopathological analysis revealed testicular degeneration, epididymal damage, and adipocyte hypertrophy after PE\u2010MPs exposure, which were ameliorated by both interventions. PE\u2010MPs upregulated adipogenic markers (PPAR\u2010\u03b3 and C\/EBP\u2010\u03b1) and disrupted BTB proteins (occludin and claudin\u201011); these effects were mitigated via PGC\u20101\u03b1 activation and increased irisin expression. PE\u2010MPs exposure decreased Bcl\u20102 and increased Bax expression, while irisin and exercise restored apoptotic balance. Furthermore, irisin and exercise attenuated PE\u2010MPs\u2013induced NF\u2010\u03baB\u2013mediated inflammation by activating p\u2010\u03b1AMPK and Nrf2\/HO\u20101 signaling. In conclusion, irisin and exercise effectively counteract PE\u2010MPs\u2013induced oxidative stress, adipogenesis, and testicular toxicity, highlighting their therapeutic potential in mitigating microplastic\u2010associated male reproductive dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:46:35Z","timestamp":1772988395000},"page":"3378-3393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Irisin and Exercise Ameliorate the Polyethylene Microplastics\u2013Induced Blood\u2013Testis Barrier Disruption via PGC\u20101\u03b1 Activation and AMPK\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"family":"Lalruatmawii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regulatory Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itishree","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Vigneshwaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regulatory Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sree\u00a0Vaishnavi","family":"Nalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit\u00a0Kumar","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8825-3034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sapana","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER\u2010R)  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead126"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10777"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1592683"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105597"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105\u2010023\u201000964\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123567"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133375"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2021.10.4.292"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"596","article-title":"Effects of Swimming Exercise on Serum Irisin and Bone FNDC5 in Rat Models of High\u2010Fat Diet\u2010Induced Osteoporosis","volume":"18","author":"Kang Y. 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