{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:55:17Z","timestamp":1790848517106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014786","name":"Northern Border University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NBU\u2010CRP\u20102026\u20102510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBU\u2010CRP\u20102026\u20102510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fenvalerate (FEV), a widely used pyrethroid, induces renal toxicity and suppresses humoral immunity. This study evaluated the protective effects of crude luteolin (LUT) and LUT\u2010loaded chitosan nanoparticles (LUT\u2010CHNPs) in male Wistar rats. The research included 60 rats divided into six groups: control, LUT, LUT\u2010CHNPs, FEV, FEV\u2009+\u2009LUT, and FEV\u2009+\u2009LUT\u2010CHNPs and administered oral treatment for a duration of 30 days. Exposure to FEV elevated levels of renal biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, and complement C3. It also reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes, GSH, NRF2\/HO\u20101 expression, Bcl\u20102, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM). The concurrent administration of LUT\u2010CHNPs significantly enhanced these alterations, restoring renal function, oxidative balance, anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010apoptotic mechanisms, and humoral immunity. Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses confirmed the preservation of glomerular and tubular architecture, mitochondrial integrity, and organization of apical microvilli with LUT\u2010CHNPs, indicating superior efficacy relative to crude LUT. The findings indicate that LUT\u2010CHNPs enhance drug bioavailability and safeguard the kidneys and immune system against FEV\u2010induced nephrotoxicity and immune suppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:08:22Z","timestamp":1772996902000},"page":"3725-3744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Luteolin\u2010Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Fenvalerate\u2010Induced Nephrotoxicity and Humoral Immune Suppression via NRF2\/HO\u20101 Activation and NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010Mediated Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathway Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ahmed\u00a0M.\u00a0S.","family":"Hegazy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Northern Border University  Arar Saudi 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