{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:55:21Z","timestamp":1790848521653,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Herbicide effectiveness depends on the adjuvants in the formulation, with surfactants being crucial for systemic ones such as glyphosate, but surfactants are often more toxic than the pesticide itself to nontarget organisms, such as amphibians. Previously, a novel experimental formulation (EF) of glyphosate has been developed with natural products (alkylglucosides and saponin) with great efficiency in field tests. The objective of this study was to compare the toxicity of the EF with a commercial formulation of glyphosate (Roundup Full II, CF) by standardized bioassays (AMPHITOX). For this, embryos and larvae of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Rhinella arenarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were exposed to EF and CF (1\u2013500\u2009mg a.i.\/L), and various endpoints were assessed, including lethality, morphological and ethological abnormalities, neurotoxicity through the response of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and genotoxicity using the micronucleus assay (MNs). The results showed that CF was almost 45 times more toxic than EF in embryos (LC 50\u2013504\u2009h\u2009=\u20091.43 and 72.53\u2009mg\/L CF and EF, respectively) and larvae (LC 50\u2013504\u2009h\u2009=\u20096.25 and 288.54\u2009mg\/L CF and EF, respectively). Regarding abnormalities, exposed embryos to CF exhibited microcephaly, hydropsy, reduced weight, and absence of movements. Likewise, the analysis of biomarkers revealed that CF inhibited BChE activity and significantly increased the frequency of MNs, whereas larvae exposed to EF showed no significant differences compared to the control group. The results demonstrate a marked decrease in the adverse effects of the EF, highlighting the importance of developing new formulations with natural and less toxic surfactants for the conservation of the biota.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:38Z","timestamp":1773014438000},"page":"3716-3724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ecotoxicological Assessment of a Glyphosate\u2010Based Commercial Formulation and a Novel Experimental Formulation by Standardized Amphibian Bioassays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Acquaroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIA\u2010UNSAM\u2010CONICET, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Ingenier\u00eda Ambiental, Escuela de H\u00e1bitat y Sostenibilidad (EHyS) Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn (UNSAM)  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Svartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIA\u2010UNSAM\u2010CONICET, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Ingenier\u00eda Ambiental, Escuela de H\u00e1bitat y Sostenibilidad (EHyS) Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn (UNSAM)  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. C\u00e1tedra Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica de Biomol\u00e9culas Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Producci\u00f3n Animal (INPA) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-4681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina","family":"Pessagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. C\u00e1tedra Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica de Biomol\u00e9culas Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA) Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244\u2010017\u20100463\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Atlas of Abnormalities, a Guide for the Performance of FETAX, 2nd Edition","author":"Bantle J. 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