{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:55:17Z","timestamp":1790848517137,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lithium (Li) salts are still one of the basic therapies for manic\u2010depressive illness, which has a double\u2010edged nature where the good efficacy is threatened by possible toxicity if Li levels are elevated. The effects of verapamil and N\u2010acetylcysteine (NAC) on Li levels and Li\u2010related toxicity in the thyroid gland and kidneys were studied. Five groups of mice (normal control, Li, verapamil, Li\u2009+\u2009verapamil, and Li\u2009+\u2009NAC) were evaluated for levels of urea, creatinine, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (TSH), sodium, and potassium after 6\u2009weeks. Li levels were measured in all groups that received Li. Renal and thyroid tissues were assessed histologically. T4 and T3 were significantly elevated in the Li, Li\u2009+\u2009verapamil, and Li\u2009+\u2009NAC groups compared to the normal control (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), while TSH was significantly decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Levels of Li, potassium, and urea were elevated by the co\u2010administration of verapamil or NAC, while serum creatinine was significantly decreased compared to the Li\u2010treated group. Verapamil and NAC elevated the serum levels of Li and augmented the effects of Li on the thyroid gland, urea, and potassium levels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:55:43Z","timestamp":1774061743000},"page":"4044-4056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Lithium and Verapamil on Thyroid and Kidney Function in Mice: A Preclinical Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5908-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad\u00a0Salem","family":"Hareedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mutah University  Karak Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University  Assiut Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud\u00a0Hamdy","family":"Abdelrahem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mutah University  Karak Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar\u00a0Sayed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Aswan University  Aswan Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba\u00a0Hassan","family":"Elkaliny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy and Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Mutah University  Karak Jordan"},{"name":"Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440\u20101819.1991.tb00512.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893\u2010133X(96)00144\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553\u20102712.2008.00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263\u2010019\u201000696\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010022\u201002122\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.11.7127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/306367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033\u20103182(98)71345\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1984.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.8.3.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344\u2010199508000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Verapamil: A New Antimanic Drug With Potential Interactions With Lithium","volume":"48","author":"Dubovsky S. 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