{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:14:57Z","timestamp":1785424497210,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nonylphenol (NP), a widely used environmental endocrine disruptor, is known to impair male reproductive health by disrupting spermatogenesis, testicular structure, and inflammatory\u2013apoptotic signaling pathways. This study investigated the extent of NP\u2010induced testicular toxicity and evaluated the modulatory effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using spermatological, histopathological, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Thirty\u2010five male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control, NP (40\u2009mg\/kg), ZnO (30\u2009mg\/kg), NP\u2009+\u2009ZnO (15\u2009mg\/kg), and NP\u2009+\u2009ZnO (30\u2009mg\/kg), and treated orally for 28\u2009days. NP exposure resulted in a significant reduction in sperm motility, increased proportions of abnormal and dead spermatozoa, and elevated serum testosterone levels. Histopathological examination revealed marked degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium and germ cell desquamation, accompanied by decreased expression of key blood\u2013testis barrier proteins, including claudin\u201011, occludin, N\u2010cadherin, and connexin\u201043. At the molecular level, NP significantly upgraded the expression of apoptosis and inflammation related genes, such as\n                    <jats:italic>BAX<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>JAK2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>STAT3<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Co\u2010administration of ZnO nanoparticles partially attenuated NP\u2010induced alterations by improving sperm functional parameters, preserving seminiferous tubule architecture, and enhancing junctional protein expression in a dose\u2010dependent manner. ZnO nanoparticles administration also modulated apoptotic signaling, as reflected by increased\n                    <jats:italic>BCL\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, while differentially regulating inflammatory and\n                    <jats:italic>JAK2\/STAT3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010associated responses. Overall, these findings indicate that ZnO nanoparticles partially mitigate NP\u2010induced testicular toxicity through dose sensitive cytoprotective and barrier\u2010preserving mechanisms, with the 15\u2009mg\/kg dose providing more consistent functional benefits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:26:03Z","timestamp":1777425963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Nonylphenol\u2010Induced Testicular Toxicity by Modulating Blood\u2013Testis Barrier Proteins and JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Y\u00f6r\u00fc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum 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