{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:58:52Z","timestamp":1781175532487,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present study was designed to assess the potential cytotoxic effects of fungal\u2010mediated silver\u2010containing nanoparticles (SNPs), alone and in combination with biochar, on breast and colon human cancer cells, with a special emphasis on inflammatory responses and redox status. Synthesis and characterization of SNPs were done via biosynthesis from\n                    <jats:italic>Emericella dentata<\/jats:italic>\n                    through XRD, FTIR, TEM, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. The cytotoxic effects were determined through MTT assay on cancer and normal HUVECs. Gene expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as TNFA, IL1\u03b2, and IL6, as well as antioxidants GPX and catalase, was studied by RT\u2010PCR and ELISA. The X\u2010ray diffraction result revealed that silver was present primarily in ionic form (AgNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) instead of metallic Ag\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    , which suggested nanoparticle formation with bio\u2010organic entities instead of metallic nanomaterials. The SNPs exhibited a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 149\u2009nm (PDI\u2009=\u20090.133) and a zeta potential of \u221216.3\u2009mV. There was dose\u2010dependent toxicity toward the cells, and HCT116 cells were more susceptible compared to T\u201047D and HUVECs. There was moderate cytotoxicity from biochar, but when used together with SNPs, the effect increased. Dysregulation of genes related to inflammation and antioxidants was observed in the gene and protein profiling results. Docking did not show any receptor interaction. PPI and KEGG pathway analysis revealed TNFA, p53, NF\u2010\u03baB, and apoptosis pathways as critical regulators. The present study demonstrated that SNP\u2013biochar formulations induce cytotoxic effects through a combination of inflammatory and redox status, rather than through direct interaction with inflammatory receptors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:18:02Z","timestamp":1781173082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic Toxicity of Fungal\u2010Derived Silver\u2010Containing Nanoparticles and Biochar: Redox and Inflammatory Responses in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2072-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moath","family":"Alqaraleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Al\u2010Balqa Applied University  Salt Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futoon Abedrabbu","family":"Al\u2010Rawashde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Al\u2010Balqa Applied University  Salt Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0093-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Al\u2010Samydai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8653-4737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malek A.","family":"Al\u2010Najdawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Al\u2010Balqa Applied University  Salt Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya Y.","family":"Al\u2010Kabariti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Al\u2010Tarawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Faisal Center for Dead Sea, Environmental and Energy Research Mutah University  Al\u2010Karak Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diya","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa College Al\u2010Balqa Applied University  Zarqa Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0216-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Khleifat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science Mutah University  Al\u2010Karak Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4408-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour Al\u2010Sayed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belal O.","family":"Al\u2010Najjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17172327","article-title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Polymeric Nanofiber Composites: Fabrications, Mechanisms, and Applications","volume":"17","author":"Abdelmoneim H. 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