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Epigenetic regulation provides a possible link between these material\u2010dependent exposures and changes in neural function. This review critically discusses evidence that nanomaterials may alter DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNA expression, RNA modifications, chromatin organization, and genomic imprinting in models relevant to neurotoxicity. Rather than considering nanomaterials as a uniform class, we emphasize how epigenetic responses differ according to material properties, exposure route, dose, exposure duration, developmental stage, and biological model. These changes have been associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glial activation, blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction, impaired synaptic signaling, neuronal injury, and altered neurodevelopment. Evidence from gut\u2013brain, lung\u2013brain, and liver\u2013brain interactions further suggests that peripheral tissues may shape the timing and regional pattern of nanomaterial\u2010related neural injury. However, many reported epigenetic changes remain correlative, and findings from nonneural cells or high\u2010dose short\u2010term exposure models should not be directly generalized to the central nervous system. Future work should improve exposure characterization, distinguish direct neural evidence from indirect mechanistic evidence, and test whether specific epigenetic changes have predictive or causal value in nanomaterial\u2010induced neurotoxicity through longitudinal, dose\u2010responsive, and functional perturbation studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:11:31Z","timestamp":1782990691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent Advances in Epigenetic Signatures of Nanomaterial Exposure Linked to Neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Kehan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianshu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)01689-3","article-title":"What Does 'Chromatin Remodeling' Mean","volume":"25","author":"Aalfs J. 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