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Addressing the increasing AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    contamination in aquaculture due to the utilization of plant\u2010based ingredients for aquafeed formulations. In this study, we investigated the impact of sublethal doses of Aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (11.4, 22.8, and 45.5\u2009\u03bcg) on the multiple tissue histology and hepatic cytokine gene expression in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Channa punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    after 28\u2009days of exposure. Dose\u2010dependent histological alterations were seen in the gill, liver, and kidney tissues. Gill tissues exhibited epithelial lifting, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, and shortening of secondary lamellae. Liver sections showed hepatic tissue alterations, including cytoplasmic vacuolation, congestion, and necrosis, particularly at medium and high doses. Renal tissue displayed glomerular atrophy, hyperplasia in the Bowman's capsule, and tubular necrosis. Furthermore, AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure modulated hepatic cytokine gene expression. At a low AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentration, a significant upregulation of both pro\u2010inflammatory (TNF\u2010\u03b1, INF\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u20106) and anti\u2010inflammatory (IL\u201010) cytokine expression was observed, suggesting a regulatory inflammatory response. As the concentration was increased, the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was downregulated, indicating immunotoxic stress. Overall, the study suggests that AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    induces multiorgan histopathology and also immune dysregulation by modulating the hepatic cytokine gene expression. To our best knowledge, this research draft may represent one of the earliest findings that provide comprehensive evidence of multiorgan histopathology and immune alterations induced by AFB\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Channa punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:17:02Z","timestamp":1785201422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic Insights Into Aflatoxin B\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    \u2010Induced Histopathology in the Gill, Liver, and Kidney Tissues and Immune Dysregulation by Altering the Expression of Cytokine Genes in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Channa punctata<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3961-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gazee Owais","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University  Aligarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8654-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umaiya","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University  Aligarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1188-5311","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Jyotirmayee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2395-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malkhey","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology Banaras Hindu University  Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Lucknow  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Lucknow  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Lucknow  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0322-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University  Aligarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2020.100326"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2013.07.003","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Evidence for Myofibroblast\u2010Like Cells Associated With Liver Injury Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"150","author":"Arana S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"The Effect of Aflatoxin on Growth and Protein Utilization in the Rainbow Trout","volume":"79","author":"Ashley L. 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