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Here, PC12 cells and Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were used to investigate neuroinjury induced by combined Mn\u2013Fe exposure and the potential protective effects of sodium para\u2010aminosalicylate (PAS\u2010Na). Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Morris water maze and Y\u2010maze, whereas histopathological changes, regional Mn and Fe accumulation, oxidative\u2010inflammatory injury, Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin\/GSK\u20103\u03b2\u2013related proteins, Tau\/A\u03b2\u2010related alterations, and apoptosis were assessed in PC12 cells and in the hippocampus and cortex of rats. Combined Mn\u2013Fe exposure induced marked neuroinjury, characterized by impaired spatial learning and memory, neuronal damage in the hippocampus and cortex, increased regional brain Mn and Fe burden, enhanced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, Tau\/A\u03b2\u2010related abnormalities, apoptosis, and alterations in Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin\/GSK\u20103\u03b2\u2013related protein expression. PAS\u2010Na attenuated these alterations, with medium and high doses generally showing more consistent effects than the low dose. PAS\u2010Na treatment was associated with reduced Mn and Fe accumulation in cognition\u2010related brain regions, partial normalization of Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin\/GSK\u20103\u03b2\u2013related protein expression, and attenuation of oxidative\u2010inflammatory injury and neuropathological changes. These novel findings indicate that PAS\u2010Na partially alleviates combined Mn\u2013Fe\u2010induced neuroinjury and is associated with reduced regional metal burden, oxidative\u2010inflammatory injury, apoptosis, and changes in Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin\/GSK\u20103\u03b2\u2013related signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T07:38:04Z","timestamp":1786606684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sodium Para\u2010Aminosalicylate Attenuates Neuroinjury Associated With Combined Manganese\u2013Iron Exposure in Rats and PC12 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7484-6920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh\u2010Tung","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi 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Guangxi Colleges and Universities Medical University of Guangxi  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Yuan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities Medical University of Guangxi  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University  Nanning Guangxi China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases in Guangxi Colleges and Universities Medical University of Guangxi  Nanning 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