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While standard histopathological and biochemical assessments are common, the novel integration of pigment\u2010based biomarkers (hemosiderin and lipofuscin) offers unexplored mechanistic insights into tissue resilience and residual oxidative stress during postexposure recovery. This study evaluated liver changes (degree of tissue changes\u2014DTC), pigment deposition, and biochemical profiles in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exposed to sublethal lambda\u2010cyhalothrin (1.24\u2009\u03bcg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) for 3, 7, and 14\u2009days, followed by a 15\u2010day recovery phase. Exposure induced a progressive, time\u2010dependent increase in DTC, transitioning from early reversible inflammatory\/vascular lesions to irreversible parenchymal and hepatopancreatic necrosis by Day 14. This structural decline correlated with significant elevations in serum ALT and AST activities. Critically, exposed fish exhibited a sharp increase in hepatic hemosiderin and lipofuscin. Following the 15\u2010day recovery period, lipofuscin levels and GGT activity normalized, reflecting immediate metabolic detoxification. However, elevated DTC, serum transaminases, and prominent hemosiderin deposits persisted. By tracking distinct temporal trajectories, our unique multibiomarker approach demonstrates that while immediate oxidative metabolic stress subsides after exposure ceases, iron dysregulation and structural liver damage remain unresolved. These findings emphasize that standard recovery windows in clean water are insufficient to fully restore tissues, highlighting hidden ecological risks for fish farming and wild populations exposed to pulses of agricultural runoff.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:56:39Z","timestamp":1785891399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure\u2013Recovery Approach for Hepatic Toxicity Analysis of Pyrethroid Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin: Histopathological, Histochemical, and Biochemical Responses in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5425-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos 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FAMEZ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago Venancio","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Experimental \u2010 LAPEx, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias \u2013 INBIO Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul \u2013 UFMS  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia \u2010 FAMEZ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS  Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine Nathiele Nogueira","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Experimental \u2010 LAPEx, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias \u2013 INBIO Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul \u2013 UFMS  Campo Grande 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