{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T02:26:59Z","timestamp":1786588019520,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been reported to disrupt cellular integrity and induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Potential health risks thus make it imperative to look into tissue specific toxic impact and thereby focus on the safety measures. Given the wide\u2010range applications of CNPs across biomedical and industrial domains, the present study was designed to investigate the dose\u2010dependent effects of CNPs in male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Characterization of synthesized CNPs was carried out using standard analytical techniques to determine their structure and composition through x\u2010ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: control group, saline group, and three treatment groups, which received intraperitoneal doses of CNPs over a 28\u2010day period. Renal toxicity was determined through biochemical assay and the histological examination of kidney tissues. The data were statistically analyzed using Minitab 17. Both biochemical and microscopic findings revealed that CNPs exposure induced an increase in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels, indicating renal dysfunction. Similarly, kidney to body weight ratio showed a dose\u2010dependent increase, which is consistent with the kidney injury. However, body weight was found decreased with respect to increased CNPs dose. Additionally, certain behavioral and physiological changes were also observed, that is, systemic distress, including weight loss, dry skin, and tight body condition. Autopsy revealed visibly compromised organ health, particularly in the kidneys, which appeared pale and shrunken. Histopathological assessment and serum biochemical analysis demonstrated renal damage at high dose. Overall, these findings revealed possible health hazards associated with CNP exposure, which induces significant renal toxicity in male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Further research work is needed to develop smart strategies for risk assessment and the cautious use of CNPs in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T01:31:51Z","timestamp":1786584711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Carbon Nanoparticle\u2013Induced Renal Toxicity in Male Sprague\u2013Dawley Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Aimon","family":"Munawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0309-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Kashif","family":"Zahoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6043-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Manan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Rizwan","family":"Babar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-4483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhat","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.08.112","article-title":"Low Doses of Multi\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotubes Elicit Hepatotoxicity in Rats With Markers of Oxidative Stress and Induction of Pro\u2010Inflammatory Cytokines","volume":"503","author":"Adedara I. 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