{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T03:42:25Z","timestamp":1786160545499,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004686","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFU264174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU264174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microplastics (MPs) are emerging foodborne contaminants with increasing implications for gastrointestinal health. However, the mechanistic basis linking dietary MP exposure to gut dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction remains poorly resolved, limiting robust human health risk assessment. This review critically synthesizes current evidence on foodborne MPs, dietary exposure, and the physicochemical determinants of gastrointestinal fate, bioavailability, and toxicity. We examine the molecular and microbiome\u2010mediated mechanisms linking MPs exposure to intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, immune activation, and metabolic reprogramming. Particular attention is given to the role of MPs as vectors for co\u2010contaminants, which can amplify toxicity through synergistic interactions and reshape host\u2013microbiome responses. We highlight advances in dynamic colon simulation and integrated multi\u2010omics that unravels the mechanism underlying MP\u2010induced intestinal toxicity. Current evidence indicates that gut microbiome dysregulation is a key mechanism driving foodborne MP\u2010induced intestinal dysfunction and systemic toxicity. This review integrates multidisciplinary evidence to identify critical knowledge gaps and guide future research on the mechanisms, exposure, and health risks of foodborne microplastics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T02:46:53Z","timestamp":1786157213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Gut Microbiome in Foodborne Microplastic Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Human Health Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8610-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd. Zobair","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9600-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pratishtha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0942-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaryab","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Integral University  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2443-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science Marwadi University  Rajkot Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9517-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Dhalai  Dhalai Tripura India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1856-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhtar","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Chemistry National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)  Tangerang Selatan Banten Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies  Faridabad Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2902-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science King Faisal University  Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168883","article-title":"Accumulation of Microplastics in Soil After Long\u2010Term Application of Biosolids and Atmospheric Deposition","volume":"912","author":"Adhikari K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FB00847F","article-title":"Microplastic Release From Food Processing to the Environment: Contamination Pathways, Health Implications, and Sustainability Perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed Mondol M. 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