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This study examined the differential impacts of two environmentally relevant heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co), on olfactory function and predator\u2010induced behavioral responses. Adult zebrafish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd (4\u2009days) and Co (4\u2009h), followed by behavioral assays involving exposure to conspecific alarm substance (CAS) and predator\u2010derived chemical cues. Cd exposure significantly rescued olfactory\u2010mediated responses, as indicated by reduced freezing, erratic swimming, and bottom\u2010dwelling behaviors following CAS exposure, whereas responses to predator odor remained unaffected. In contrast, Co exposure selectively attenuated predator\u2010induced neophobic behaviors without altering CAS\u2010mediated responses. These findings suggest that conspecific alarm responses and predator\u2010induced neophobia are mediated by distinct sensory pathways. This study highlights the utility of zebrafish as a sensitive model for neurobehavioral ecotoxicology and provides critical insights into how specific environmental contaminants can differentially disrupt sensory modalities and threat responses in aquatic vertebrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:28:26Z","timestamp":1787372906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential Modulation of Cadmium and Cobalt on Conspecific Alarm and Predator\u2010Induced Neophobic Responses in Zebrafish (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Danio rerio<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9390-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokul Krishna Thozhukkara","family":"Mannarapurayil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group: Neuronal Plasticity and Biological Intelligence, Department of Zoology University of Calicut  Thenhipalam Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2727-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul Kizhakke","family":"Vellattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group: Neuronal Plasticity and Biological Intelligence, Department of Zoology University of Calicut  Thenhipalam Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3933-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pitchaiah","family":"Cherukuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences SRM University  Neerukonda, Mangalagiri Mandal Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0443-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binu","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group: Neuronal Plasticity and Biological Intelligence, Department of Zoology University of Calicut  Thenhipalam Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359\u2010016\u20101129\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21767\/2473\u20106457.100017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.144700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w14213432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071639"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"682","article-title":"Toxicity of Two Heavy Metals Lead and Cobalt on Zebrafish, Danio rerio","author":"Chandra Bhushan Singh B. 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