{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T03:24:27Z","timestamp":1787196267975,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003662","name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000431821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000431821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003705","name":"Korea Institute of Toxicology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2710086914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2710086914"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003705","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201023324027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201023324027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Household chemical products are frequently used in daily life, and some ingredients are used across different products, suggesting potential duplicate exposure. Given that the respiratory system is a primary route of exposure to these products, we aimed to determine the nontoxic level (no\u2010observed\u2010death level [NODL]) for ingredients in household chemical products. We first selected 34 chemicals, focusing on ingredients in biocidal products approved by the US EPA and the Korean Ministry of Environment. We then single\u2010dosed them to mice via oropharyngeal aspiration and observed them for up to 14\u2009days. Considering uncertainties arising from sample preparation and dilution, the NODL for seven chemicals was 5000\u2009\u00b1\u2009800\u2009\u03bcg\/mouse. Meanwhile, the NODL for three chemicals (CPC, DDAC, and BKC) was less than 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009\u03bcg\/mouse, and a significant decrease in body weight gain was observed in mice exposed to linalool. Furthermore, we examined lung tissues from all surviving mice and found that some chemicals cause pathological changes at the NODL, including granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Herein, we believe that the suggestion of the NODL, accompanied by a pathological examination, would serve as a minimum measure for the safe use of household chemical products. Given that household chemical products are formulated to maximize their effects, we also suggest that the synergistic toxicity of the mixtures should be evaluated utilizing the NODL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T02:43:23Z","timestamp":1787193803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determination of the No\u2010Observed\u2010Death Level for Inhalable Ingredients in Household Chemical Products"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Wonkyun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi\u2010Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Jeonbuk Advanced Bio Research Korea Institute of Toxicology  Jeongeup\u2010si Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Geun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Reference Standards Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongbin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3918-7381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong\u2010Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Safety Assessment Korea Environment Corporation  Incheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3723-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun\u2010Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of 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