{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:58:11Z","timestamp":1790769491864,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Triammonium citrate (TAC; E380) is used as a food additive, making characterization of its effects in malignant and non\u2010neoplastic colon\u2010derived cells relevant to applied toxicology. We conducted a multi\u2010endpoint assessment of 0.5\u2010 to 2.0\u2010mg\/mL TAC in\n                    <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>G13D<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010mutant, mismatch repair\u2010deficient HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells and non\u2010neoplastic CCD\u201018Co colon fibroblasts. Exposure durations were endpoint\u2010specific (60\u2009min, 24\u2009h, or 48\u2009h), and endpoints included viability, primary DNA damage, micronucleus frequency, nuclear division, clonogenic survival, and wound closure. Microbial assays tested antimicrobial and membrane\u2010disruptive activity; docking was exploratory. The clearest differential response occurred at 2.0\u2009mg\/mL after 48\u2009h, when viability was 8.80%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.14% in HCT116 cells and 49.52%\u2009\u00b1\u200911.50% in CCD\u201018Co cells. Primary DNA damage increased in both models, with the largest numerical comet response in HCT116 cells at 2.0\u2009mg\/mL. HCT116 clonogenic survival decreased to 29.0%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8% at 2.0\u2009mg\/mL after a 24\u2010h exposure and 9\u2010day recovery. Micronucleus frequency did not increase in either cell line, although the nuclear division index decreased in both at 2.0\u2009mg\/mL after 48\u2009h, indicating cytostasis. TAC also reduced wound closure in both models. No microbial growth inhibition was detected at 0.5\u20132.0\u2009mg\/mL, and no membrane leakage was detected in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    up to 200\u2009mg\/mL. Docking generated hypotheses involving PFK\u20101,\n                    <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and PARP\u20101 but did not establish binding or target engagement. Collectively, these findings demonstrate pronounced HCT116 cytotoxicity together with primary DNA damage in both models, without detectable chromosome\u2010level damage, and provide a basis for mechanistic investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.70461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:19:33Z","timestamp":1790767173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Endpoint Toxicological Assessment of the Food Additive Triammonium Citrate: Differential Responses in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Non\u2010Neoplastic Colon Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3972-5290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emin","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University  Tokat Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2788-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumeysa","family":"Me\u015fe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters \u00c7ukurova University  Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2634-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Yararl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters \u00c7ukurova University  Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Besime","family":"Cerit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters \u00c7ukurova University  Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5302-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6k\u00e7e","family":"Bayk\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters \u00c7ukurova University  Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra Sunduz","family":"Yigittekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters \u00c7ukurova University  Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3221-8587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Basri","family":"\u0130la","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters \u00c7ukurova University  Adana Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13065\u2010017\u20100251\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:26:3:249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41420\u2010025\u201002440\u2010W"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NPROT.2007.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NPROT.2016.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS22126587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of Certain Food Additives: Twenty\u2010Third Report of the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives","author":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA0804385"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/NATURE16967"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10565\u2010007\u20109043\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS14050972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386623A0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008\u20105472.CAN\u201014\u20100013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"OECD.2023. \u201cTest No. 487: In\u00a0Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test.\u201d OECD Publishing Paris. 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