{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:27:17Z","timestamp":1760574437301,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,7]],"date-time":"2003-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Forschungsfonds der Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Applied Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metoclopramide (MCP) is a dopamine receptor antagonist and serotonine receptor agonist widely used as an antiemetic and gastric prokinetic drug. In addition MCP is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterases from human central nervous system and blood. MCP may have a cholinesterase protective effect against inhibition by organophosphates.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to quantify \u201c<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\u201d by means of the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2010shift the extent of MCP conferred protection, using paraoxon (POX) as an inhibitor. POX is a widely used organophospate responsible for a large number of accidental or suicidal exposures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Cholinesteratic activities (ChE) (with acetyl\u2010thiocholine (A) and butyryl\u2010thiocholine (B) as substrates) in human plasma were measured photometrically in the presence of different POX concentrations and IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> was calculated. Determinations were repeated in the presence of increasing MCP concentrations. It appears that the shift induced by the presence of MCP increases with the MCP concentration in a linear manner.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the presence of a clinically easily achievable plasma concentration of 1 \u00b5M MCP the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of POX for ChE \u2018shifts\u2019 by a factor of \u22482\u20133. The protective effect of metoclopramide on cholinesterases could be of practical relevance in the treatment of paraoxon poisoning. We conclude that <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> testing of MCP as an organophosphate protective agent is warranted. Copyright \u00a9 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,8]],"date-time":"2003-01-08T16:09:03Z","timestamp":1042042143000},"page":"75-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> protection of plasma cholinesterases by metoclopramide from inhibition by paraoxon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Petroianu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Thyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Ewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Missler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1996.9999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"480","article-title":"Zur Messung der in vivo und in vitro Reaktivierbarkeit alkylphosphatvergifteter Serumcholinesterase durch 2\u2010PAM und Toxogonin mit verschiedenen Substanzen","volume":"7","author":"Geldmacher\u2010von Mallinkrodt M","year":"1969","journal-title":"Z. 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