{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:13:27Z","timestamp":1788358407708,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"BMBF","award":["1315883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1315883"]}]},{"name":"BMBF","award":["16N10872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16N10872"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The composition of atherosclerotic (AS) plaques is crucial concerning rupture, thrombosis and clinical events. Two plaque types are distinguished: stable and vulnerable plaques. Vulnerable plaques are rich in inflammatory cells, mostly only M1 macrophages, and are highly susceptible to rupture. These plaques represent a high risk particularly with the standard invasive diagnosis by coronary angiography. So far there are no non\u2010invasive low\u2010risk clinical approaches available to detect and distinguish AS plaque types <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.\nThe perspective review introduces a whole work\u2010flow for a novel approach for non\u2010invasive detection and classification of AS plaques using the diffusion reflection method with gold nanoparticle loaded macrophages in combination with flow and image cytometric analysis for quality assurance. Classical biophotonic methods for AS diagnosis are summarized. Phenotyping of monocytes and macrophages are discussed for specific subset labelling by nanomaterials, as well as existing studies and first experimental proofs of concept for the novel approach are shown.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:caption><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> detection of NP loaded macrophages (M\u03a6). Different ways of M\u03a6 labelling include (1) <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> labelling in suspension (whole blood or buffy coat) or (2) labelling of short\u2010term M\u03a6 cultures with re\u2010injection of M\u03a6\u2010NP into the animal to detect migration of the cells in the plaques and (3) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> injection of NP into the organism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201500114-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>magnified image<\/jats:alt-text><jats:caption><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> detection of NP loaded macrophages (M\u03a6). Different ways of M\u03a6 labelling include (1) <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> labelling in suspension (whole blood or buffy coat) or (2) labelling of short\u2010term M\u03a6 cultures with re\u2010injection of M\u03a6\u2010NP into the animal to detect migration of the cells in the plaques and (3) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> injection of NP into the organism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201500114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T12:07:48Z","timestamp":1435234068000},"page":"871-883","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Nanoparticle uptake by macrophages in vulnerable plaques for atherosclerosis diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Melzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LIFE Leipziger Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Zivilisationserkrankungen Universit\u00e4t Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Center GmbH University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinat","family":"Ankri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar\u2010Ilan University  Ramat\u2010Gan 5290002 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dror","family":"Fixler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar\u2010Ilan University  Ramat\u2010Gan 5290002 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Tarnok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Center GmbH University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2008.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"227","volume":"42","author":"Furie K. 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