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Studying collagen structure at the microscopic scale is therefore of considerable interest to understand the mechanisms of tissue pathologies. Here, we use second harmonic generation microscopy to characterize collagen structure within bone and articular cartilage in human knees. We analyze the intensity dependence on polarization and discuss the differences between Forward and Backward images in both tissues. Focusing on articular cartilage, we observe an increase in Forward\/Backward ratio from the cartilage surface to the bone. Coupling these results to numerical simulations reveals the evolution of collagen fibril diameter and spatial organization as a function of depth within cartilage.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201500150-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>magnified image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201500150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T10:42:51Z","timestamp":1441795371000},"page":"993-1001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Analysis of forward and backward Second Harmonic Generation images to probe the nanoscale structure of collagen within bone and cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Marie\u2010Andr\u00e9e","family":"Houle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique \u2013 Centre \u00c9nergie Mat\u00e9riaux et T\u00e9l\u00e9communication  1650 boulevard Lionel\u2010Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1S2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles\u2010Andr\u00e9","family":"Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique \u2013 Centre \u00c9nergie Mat\u00e9riaux et T\u00e9l\u00e9communication  1650 boulevard Lionel\u2010Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1S2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bancelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique \u2013 Centre \u00c9nergie Mat\u00e9riaux et T\u00e9l\u00e9communication  1650 boulevard Lionel\u2010Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1S2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarno","family":"Van der Kolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Department of Physics  MacDonald Hill 150 Louis Pasteur ON K1N 6N5 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique \u2013 Centre \u00c9nergie Mat\u00e9riaux et T\u00e9l\u00e9communication  1650 boulevard Lionel\u2010Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1S2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford Botnar Research Center, NDORMS  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Department of Physics  MacDonald Hill 150 Louis Pasteur ON K1N 6N5 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lora","family":"Ramunno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Department of Physics  MacDonald Hill 150 Louis Pasteur ON K1N 6N5 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"L\u00e9gar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique \u2013 Centre \u00c9nergie Mat\u00e9riaux et T\u00e9l\u00e9communication  1650 boulevard Lionel\u2010Boulet Varennes QC J3X 1S2 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/b103823","volume-title":"Collagen","author":"Birk D.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume":"137","author":"Hulmes D. 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