{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:26:56Z","timestamp":1789644416554,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["01DJ14012B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01DJ14012B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluorescence diagnosis may be used to improve the safety and reliability of stereotactic brain tumor biopsies using biopsy needles with integrated fiber optics. Based on 5\u2010aminolevulinic\u2010acid\u2010induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, vital tumor tissue can be localized<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>during the excision procedure to reduce the number of necessary samples for a reliable diagnosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this study, the practical suitability of two different PpIX excitation wavelengths (405\u00a0nm, 633\u00a0nm) was investigated on optical phantoms. Violet excitation at 405\u00a0nm provides a 50\u2010fold higher sensitivity for the bulk tumor; this factor increases up to 100 with decreasing fluorescent volume as shown by ray tracing simulations. Red excitation at 633\u00a0nm, however, is noticeably superior with regard to blood layers obscuring the fluorescence. Experimental results on the signal attenuation through blood layers of well\u2010defined thicknesses could be confirmed by ray tracing simulations. Typical interstitial fiber probe measurements were mimicked on agarose\u2010gel phantoms. Even in direct contact, blood layers of 20\u201340\u00a0\u00b5m between probe and tissue must be expected, obscuring 405\u2010nm\u2010excited PpIX fluorescence almost completely, but reducing the 633\u2010nm\u2010excited signal only by 25.5%. Thus, 633\u00a0nm seems to be the wavelength of choice for PpIX\u2010assisted detection of high\u2010grade gliomas in stereotactic biopsy.<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:caption><jats:p>PpIX signal attenuation through clinically relevant blood layers for 405 nm (violet) and 633 nm (red) excitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201500195-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>magnified image<\/jats:alt-text><jats:caption><jats:p>PpIX signal attenuation through clinically relevant blood layers for 405 nm (violet) and 633 nm (red) excitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201500195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T10:32:58Z","timestamp":1447410778000},"page":"901-912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["405\u00a0nm versus 633\u00a0nm for protoporphyrin IX excitation in fluorescence\u2010guided stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Niklas A.","family":"Markwardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser\u2010Forschungslabor, LIFE\u2010Zentrum Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Haj\u2010Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Hollnburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser\u2010Forschungslabor, LIFE\u2010Zentrum Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Stepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser\u2010Forschungslabor, LIFE\u2010Zentrum Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Zelenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"R\u00fchm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser\u2010Forschungslabor, LIFE\u2010Zentrum Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-492-0_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0500-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0293-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2073-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2013.0084"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"177","volume":"75","author":"Shakal A. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70366-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.026117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-006-0204-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.28113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2005.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-9871-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2012.722239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.2.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1473-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000222661"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.4.JNS102137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.6.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70665-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2010.00799.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4978-2_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063682"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20868"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.JNS101451"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-012-0374-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1290-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.12.FOCUS13464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.2.JNS091322"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"159","volume":"3","author":"Loshchenov M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photonics and Lasers in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Haj\u2010Hosseini S.Lowndes G.Salerud andK.Wardell in:Proc. SPIE Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics VII 2011 78833R.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.879067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/8\/004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/12\/305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/7\/2921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.2.025006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.005907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/42\/10\/011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.2.0314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","unstructured":"H. H.Ginary K.Wong andK.Lai Cornell University (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Haj\u2010Hosseini B.Kistler andK.W\u00e5rdell in:Proc. SPIE Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurement of Tissue VI 2014 894505.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2039861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/3.1003040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.000548"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-010-0002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.1997.12.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2003)0770309DPOAFA2.0.CO2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Stepp W.Beyer D.Brucker A.Ehrhardt S.Fischer W.G\u00f6bel M.Goetz B.G\u00fcnther G.Hennig J.Herms K.\u2010M.Irion A.Johansson Y.Kienast G.Knieb\u00fchler P.Li A.R\u00fchm andS.Sandner in:Proc. SPIE Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics VIII 2012 82074H.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.915751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08266.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjbio.201500195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbio.201500195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T11:41:38Z","timestamp":1748691698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbio.201500195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbio.201500195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbio.201500195","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-063X","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-0648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]]}}}