{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:13:56Z","timestamp":1778865236023,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81271052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81271052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University Joint PhD Supervision Scheme","award":["G-UB58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-UB58"]}]},{"name":"Scientific research foundation for the junior researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University","award":["2015-YJJ-ZZL-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-YJJ-ZZL-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper presents a novel analysis method of corneal elasticity and viscosity based on corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (CorVis ST) for keratoconus diagnosis. Methods for air puff force measurement and corneal imaging boundary extraction were proposed. Corneal biomechanical properties, described as tangent stiffness coefficient (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TSC<\/jats:sub>) and energy absorbed area (<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>absorbed<\/jats:sub>), were assessed using the curves of the applied air puff force with corneal displacement to form a loading\u2010unloading cycle. Twenty\u2010five patients with keratoconus and 34 healthy control subjects, matched for intraocular pressure (IOP), were enrolled in this prospective study. The results showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TSC<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>absorbed<\/jats:sub> were 0.941 and 0.878 in Healthy group; and were 0.891 and 0.809 in Keratoconus group, respectively. Both <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TSC<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>absorbed<\/jats:sub> of keratoconus patients were significantly different from that of controls (both probability value <jats:italic>P <\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve for <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TSC<\/jats:sub> was 0.918 and for <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>absorbed<\/jats:sub> was 0.894, which reached a good level of predictive accuracy for detecting keratoconus. Our results demonstrated that this new analysis method could be used to characterize the biomechanical properties of corneas.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:caption><jats:p>(<jats:bold>a<\/jats:bold>) The air puff force of CorVis ST was measured by a custom\u2010designed force detection system. (<jats:bold>b<\/jats:bold>) Corneal displacement was extracted from CorVis ST using a proposed imaging analysis. (<jats:bold>c<\/jats:bold>) With the utilization of the air puff force and corneal dynamic displacement, an analysis method was developed to introduce new corneal biomechanical parameters \u2013 <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TSC<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>absorbed<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201500245-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>magnified image<\/jats:alt-text><jats:caption><jats:p>(<jats:bold>a<\/jats:bold>) The air puff force of CorVis ST was measured by a custom\u2010designed force detection system. (<jats:bold>b<\/jats:bold>) Corneal displacement was extracted from CorVis ST using a proposed imaging analysis. (<jats:bold>c<\/jats:bold>) With the utilization of the air puff force and corneal dynamic displacement, an analysis method was developed to introduce new corneal biomechanical parameters \u2013 <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TSC<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>absorbed<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201500245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T22:17:52Z","timestamp":1452550672000},"page":"454-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Determining <i>in vivo<\/i> elasticity and viscosity with dynamic Scheimpflug imaging analysis in keratoconic and healthy eyes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Li\u2010Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmology  Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-007-9323-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nonrwa.2009.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(80)80027-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20060301-15","volume":"22","author":"Deenadayalu C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2891373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318279eb87"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.3.000473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140521-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","author":"Koprowski R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-13-150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"2537","volume":"39","author":"Zadnik K.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181622502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20140212-02"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.5.056006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7047.1654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","volume-title":"Foundations of clinical research","author":"Portney L. 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