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This technology provides insights into deep live tissues with less photobleaching and phototoxicity, which helps us to better understand the cellular morphology, microenvironment, immune responses and spatiotemporal dynamics of drugs and therapeutic cells in the healthy and diseased liver. This review summarizes the principles, opportunities, applications and limitations of MPM in hepatology. A key emphasis is on the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to add additional quantification and specificity to the detection of endogenous fluorescent species in the liver as well as exogenous molecules and nanoparticles that are applied to the liver <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. We anticipate that in the near future MPM\u2010FLIM will advance our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver diseases, and will be evaluated from bench to bedside, leading to real\u2010time histology of human liver diseases.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201600083-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>magnified image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T10:04:09Z","timestamp":1466157849000},"page":"46-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Visualizing liver anatomy, physiology and pharmacology using multiphoton microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Haolu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital  Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital  Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Germain","family":"Gravot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Rennes 1  Ille\u2010et\u2010Vilaine Rennes 35043 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla A.","family":"Thorling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital  Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrell H. 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