{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:23:56Z","timestamp":1790501036604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]],"date-time":"2016-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biophotonics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Keratoconus is an eye disorder that causes the cornea to take an abnormal conical shape, thus impairing its refractive functions and causing blindness. The late diagnosis of keratoconus is among the principal reasons for corneal surgical transplantation. This pathology is characterized by a reduced corneal stiffness in the region immediately below Bowman's membrane, probably due to a different lamellar organization, as suggested by previous studies. Here, the lamellar organization in this corneal region is characterized in three dimensions by means of second\u2010harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. In particular, a method based on a three\u2010dimensional correlation analysis allows to probe the orientation of sutural lamellae close to the Bowman's membrane, finding statistical differences between healthy and keratoconic samples. This method is demonstrated also in combination with an epi\u2010detection scheme, paving the way for a potential clinical ophthalmic application of SHG microscopy for the early diagnosis of keratoconus.<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:caption><jats:p>SHG image acquired with sagittal optical sectioning (<jats:bold>A<\/jats:bold>) of a healthy cornea and (<jats:bold>B<\/jats:bold>) of a keratoconic cornea. Scale bars: 30\u00a0\u03bcm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jbio201600122-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>magnified image<\/jats:alt-text><jats:caption><jats:p>SHG image acquired with sagittal optical sectioning (<jats:bold>A<\/jats:bold>) of a healthy cornea and (<jats:bold>B<\/jats:bold>) of a keratoconic cornea. Scale bars: 30\u00a0\u03bcm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:caption><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T08:21:09Z","timestamp":1470212469000},"page":"75-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional mapping of the orientation of collagen corneal lamellae in healthy and keratoconic human corneas using SHG microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Mercatelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics National Research Council (INO\u2010CNR) Via Nello Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Ratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics \u201cN. 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